American History Ch. 16

1. American History Ch. 16 • 1. Under the spoils system, or ________, gov’t jobs went to supporters of the winning party in an election. By the late 1870s, Americans believed that patronage corrupted those who worked for the gov’t. • C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Desktop\My Documents\Progressive.asx

2. Sec 1 • 2. President Rutherford B. _______ attacked the practice of patronage. • 3. Republican politicians who opposed civil service reform were called “__________”. Civil service reformers were called “Halfbreeds”. • 4. A “Halfbreed”, James _______ won the presidential election of 1880.

3. Sec 1 • 5. In 1883 Congress passed the ____________ Act. This civil service reform act allowed the president to decide which federal jobs would be filled according to rules set up by a Civil Service Commission. Anyone could compete for a job through _____________.

4. Sec 1 • 6. In the presidential election of 1884, Republicans remained divided over reform. Democrats nominated Governor Grover ________________ of NY. • 7. The Republicans nominated James Blaine. Corruption was the major issue in this election. • 8. Republican reformers were called “Mugwumps”. Some disliked Blaine so much that they left the party & joined the Democratic Party. Cleveland won the election.

5. Sec 1 • 9. Many strikes occurred during Cleveland’s administration. For example – _______________ Square in Chicago. • 10. In _________ Cleveland signed the Interstate Commerce Act, which created the Interstate Commerce Commission. This regulated interstate commerce.

6. Sec 1 • 11. In 1888, Benjamin Harrison the Republican candidate vs. Cleveland. The ________ issue was the major debate during this election. Harrison won the election by winning the electoral vote – but lost the popular vote. • 12. The McKinley Tariff cut tariff rates on some goods, but increased the rates of others. It did however lower federal revenue & left the nation with a budget deficit.

7. Sec 2 • 1. In the 1890s, a political movement called _________ emerged to increase the political power of farmers and to work for legislation for farmers. • 2. The gov’t issued millions of dollars in greenbacks. This led to _______ – Why? • 3. The gov’t stopped printing greenbacks & started paying off bonds. As a result, the country did not have a large enough money supply to meet the needs of the economy. This led to _________. An increase in the value of money, but a decrease in what?

8. Sec 2 • 4. Deflation forced most farmers to borrow money to plant their crops. • 5. The __________ was a national farm organization founded for social & educational purposes. When the country experienced a recession, large numbers of farmers joined the Grange for help.

9. Sec 2 • 6. Grangers put their money together and created ___________. These cooperatives pooled members’ crops and held them off the market to force prices to rise. However, the Grange did little to help the farmers in the long term. • 7. The Farmers’ Alliance was formed in 1877. They were able to create large cooperatives & made low interest loans for farmers.

10. Sec 2 • 8. Members of the Kansas Alliance formed the People’s Party, or ________. This was a push for political reforms to help farmers. • 9. In 1890 the Farmers’ Alliance issued the Ocala Demands to help farmers choose candidates in the elections. The demands included the adoption of the sub-treasury, the free coinage of silver, end to protective tariffs & national banks, & direct election of senators by voters.

11. Sec 2 • 10. In 1892, the People’s Party nominated James B. Weaver to run for president. Grover Cleveland was the democratic nominee; Cleveland won. • 11. The Panic of _____ was caused by the bankruptcy of the Philadelphia & Reading RR’s. It resulted in a stock market crash and the closing of many banks. One year later the nation was in a deep depression.

12. Sec 2 • 12. The election of 1896 had William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic nominee vs. William McKinley, the Republican nominee. McKinley won the election.

13. Sec 3 • 1. After reconstruction, most African Americans were ________________, or landless farmers who had to give the landlord a large share of their crops to cover their costs for rent & supplies. • 2. In 1879 Benjamin “Pap” Singleton organized a mass migration of African American, called Exodusters, from the rural South to Kansas.

14. Sec 3 • 3. The African Americans that stayed in the South formed the Colored Farmers’ National Alliance. • 4. Democratic leaders began to use racism to try to win back the poor white vote in the South. By 1890 election officials in the South began using methods to make it difficult for African Americans to vote.

15. Sec 3 • 5. Southern states used loopholes in the _____ Amendment. In 1890 Mississippi required all citizens registering to vote to pay a _______. They also had to pass a ________ test. Both the numbers of African Americans & poor whites registering to vote fell dramatically.

16. Sec 3 • 6. To allow poor whites to vote, some Southern states had a ___________ clause in their voting restrictions. This clause allowed any man to vote if he had an ancestor on the voting rolls in 1867. • 7. In the late 1800s, both the North & the South discriminated against African Americans. In the South, segregation, or separation of the races, was enforced by laws known as ___________ laws.

17. Sec 3 • 8. In 1883 the Supreme Court overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The ruling meant that private organizations or businesses were free to practice segregation. • 9. The Supreme Court ruling in _______vs. _________ endorsed what idea? • 10. Between 1890-1899, hundreds of lynching's took place.

18. Sec 3 • 11. In 1892 Ida B. Wells, an African American from TN, began a crusade against lynching. • 12. Booker T. ____________ urged African Americans to concentrate on achieving economic goals rather that legal or political ones. He explained this in a speech that became known as the ___________ Compromise.

19. Sec 3 • 13. W.E.B. Du Bois challenged the speech. He said that white Southerners continued to take away the civil rights of African Americans. He believed that blacks should demand their rights to gain full equality.

20. Sec 3 Video • C:\Documents and Settings\sgallman\My Documents\Atlanta Compromise.asx