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Mediastinum

Mediastinum. Dr. Sama ul Haque Dr Rania Gabr . Objectives. Define mediastinum . Enlist the divisions of mediastinum. Describe the boundaries and contents of mediastinum. Lateral view of Thorax. Mediastinum. Definition:

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Mediastinum

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  1. Mediastinum Dr. Sama ul Haque Dr Rania Gabr

  2. Objectives • Define mediastinum. • Enlist the divisions of mediastinum. • Describe the boundaries and contents of mediastinum.

  3. Lateral view of Thorax

  4. Mediastinum Definition: A median septum or median partition between the two pleural cavities. It includes all the structures which lie in the intermediate compartments of the thoracic cavity

  5. Superior boundary: Superior thoracic aperture Inferior boundary: Diaphragm Anterior boundary: Sternum Posterior boundary: Bodies of vertebrae T1 to T12 Lateral boundaries: Mediastinal parietal pleura (left and right). Boundaries of the Mediastinum

  6. Divisions of Mediastinum • Superior mediastinum: • Above the imaginary plane between the sternal angle and the lower border of the 4th thoracic vertebra.

  7. Divisions of Mediastinum • Inferior mediastinum: • Below the imaginary plane and it is further subdivided into: • a. Anterior mediastinum: Behind the body and • xiphoid process of the sternum and in front of • the middle mediastinum (pericardium). • b. Middle mediastinum: Contains pericardium, • heart and the roots of the great vessels. • c. Posterior mediastinum: lies behind the middle • mediastinum (the part that lies posterior to the • pericardium and anterior to the bodies of • vertebrae T5 to T12).

  8. Mediastinum

  9. Divisions of Mediastinum

  10. Contents of the Superior Mediastinum • From post. to ant.: • Esophagus • Trachea • Arch of Aorta: and its 3 brs: • 1- Brachiocephalic artery • 2- Left common carotid artery • 3- Left subclavian artery • Brachiocephalic veins • Superior vena cava • Remains of Thymus • Nerves: • Phrenic nerves: rt and lt • Vagus nerves: rt and lt • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve • Sympathetic trunk • Others • Lymph nodes and Thoracic duct

  11. Superior Mediastinum

  12. Superior Mediastinum

  13. Inferior Mediastinum

  14. Inferior Mediastinum

  15. Inferior Mediastinum (Lateral view)

  16. Anterior Mediastinum • Sternopericardial • ligaments • Lymph nodes • Remains of thymus

  17. Middle Mediastinum (Lateral view) • Pericardium • Heart • Arteries: Roots of the great vessels: aorta and pulmonary art. • Veins: lower half of superior vena cava, terminations of inferior vena cava & pulmonary veins • Nerves: Phrenic nerves • Bifurcation of trachea • Lymph nodes

  18. Posterior Mediastinum • Descending thoracic Aorta • Esophagus: most anterior • Thoracic duct • Azygous vein • Hemiazygous vein • Vagus nerves • Rt and lt Sympathetic trunks and their brs: splanchnic nerves • Lymph nodes

  19. Posterior Mediastinum

  20. Posterior Mediastinum

  21. Posterior Mediastinum

  22. Posterior Mediastinum

  23. Posterior Mediastinum

  24. Positional changes of Mediastinum

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