Evolution of the Proposed Multiple-Viewpoint Approach

1. Evolution of the Proposed Multiple-Viewpoint Approach H. Geryville, A. Bouras, Y. Ouzrout, N. Sapidis Lumière University of Lyon, France University of the Aegean, Greece hichem.geryville@univ-lyon2.fr

2. Plan • Introduction • Objectives • First definition of the multiple-viewpoints • New definition of the multiple-viewpoints • Conclusion Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

3. Introduction • The development of a successful product is achieved through the coooperation of various actors’ team and utilization of an amount of different resources existing in various disciplines, organisation and locations. • To support this collaborative work process, it is necessary to exchange and share information among product developers. • The exchanged and shared information must be understood by various actors whitout any ambiguity even if they come from different industries or disciplines. • Hence, common, neutral viewpoint/knowledge representation is required to help actors to capture/retrieve the adequate exchaged/shared information following their perspective/objectives on the collaboration, because each actor depends on his/her own experiences/knowledge and interpret differently the same information on the product. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

4. Introduction • In mutlidisciplinary collaboration, the actors express their interest (activity’s focus) using a variety of conditions and/or representations, and follow different processes to deploy and extract those representations. • Such multi-perspective product development embodies a number of characteristics that continue to be positioned in the core of organizing the product development activity. These characteristics include the need for gathering of actors’ interests during product lifecycle phases following their points-of-view. • The multiple comprehension of the information of proceses and products, and the need to reason analytially over multiple views, permit to understand the properties and consequences of the multiple-viewpoints definitions of the actors. In other words, the viewpoints approach must define the specific information needed by each actor following his/her interests on the product/process. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

5. Objectives • To assure that the collaborative framework can be utilized by all actors, it must be based in two important layers: • Neutral base-level information that is independent of any application from respective collaborators, • Representation of the actors’ viewpoints which represent their knowledge and can help them to retrieve the adequate information following their personal objectives in the collaboration. • In this presentation, I focus on presenting the evolution of our multiple viewpoint approach to organize and manage the exchange and sharing of product/process information between actors. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

6. First Viewpoints Definition (1/4) • In multidisciplinary collaboration context, the human dimension is important and corresponds to the different actors in a product lifecycle phasis, the related knowledge dimension corresponds to the experience, competence and situation of the actor. • Based on definition of Garlan [Garlan 87] and Easterbrook [Easterbrook 93], we define viewpoint as a subset of information concerning the product/process respecting the actor’s focuses. This definition is characterized by a context, which allows the restitution of the information that the actor want to use/retrieve, and a degree of importance/reuse he wants to give to this viewpoint. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

7. First Viewpoints Definition (2/4) • In our case, the viewpoint permits: • Simple seek of information of product/process within a supply chain context, • Visualization of pieces of information according to a given process/activity, • Comparison of information between viewpoints. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

8. First Viewpoints Definition (3/4) Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

9. First Viewpoints Definition (4/4) Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

10. New Viewpoints Definition (1/4) • Based on the first definition, the meaning of the viewpoint is that of a position providing a better view to observe a given than other places. A viewpoint has also meaning of the specific opinion produced in someone by observing a specific object. • Two key points give rise to a definition of the elements of the viewpoint paradigm: the viewpoint concept is central to two processes, • the process whereby actors in the project aim at developing this product/object communicate amongst each other, • and the process whereby an information achieves sense. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

11. New Viewpoints Definition (1/4) • The first key point arises out of the following observation: the act of developing a collaborative product, brings into play a great many technical, organizational and financial skills to find solutions to problems such as electrical power supply, technical constraint, signal transmission, controlling cost prices, and managing and coordinating teams, over a period that may last for a very long time. It can be said that all actors contributing one of these skills to the project has his/her “own” experience that must be integrated with that of his/her partners. • The quality of communications between project participants is therefore a key factor to the projects success. Indeed, in this activity, the actors are exchanging partial, incomplete and even contradictory representation. The basic idea is to not only take into account the interpretations of the future object, but also the object itself and its design/development processes. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

12. New Viewpoints Definition (2/4) • The second key point is to take into consideration the sense of the objects and the actors that give these information sense. In this way, the object to be designed/developed and an actor participating in the project are not isolated entities: the object has sense when it is connected to how it is interpreted by an actor in a context through a representation that takes on the form of a statement using a symbology. Any representation of an object is thus subjective and contextual. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

13. New Viewpoints Definition (3/4) • A Viewpoint implements the condition for an Actor to interpret the sense of an Object (one or more information): it is defined by the Object on which the interpretation is performed, the Actor performing it, the Expression and Content of the interpretation of the Object by the Actor, and the Context in which this interpretation is performed. • A viewpoint thus comprises five poles: the Actor holds at least one Viewpoint, in the Context of which he/she produces an interpretation of the Object; the Object is interpreted by the Actors exerting a Viewpoint on it; the Context is the condition governing the way the Actor exerts his/her Viewpoint (the place from which the Viewpoint is exerted, the moment in time it is exerted, the tool used by the Actor to exert his/her Viewpoint…); the Expression is a statement, expressed in a symbolic system, that is attached to the Object by the Actor within the Context of the Viewpoint to express his/her interpretation of the Object; the Content is the meaning given within the Context by the Actor to the Object by means of Expression. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

14. New Viewpoints Definition (4/4) Actor Content Expression Object Context Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

15. Conclusion • The proposed framework is based on four layers and instead to capture, exchange, share and reuse information within supply chain context. • The viewpoints approach was integrated to capture the actors’ interest on their collaboration over the product lifecycle, and to optimize the exchange. • With the integration of the both proposition, the system particularly will be ensure: • The integration and consolidation of information coming various sources, and its filtering, transformation and adaptation to various viewpoints. • Optimization of time restitution. • Information traceability. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

16. Perspectives • Integration of the ontology definition in the prototype. • Add a definition of the information traceability from the creation to it using by the actors. • Validate the full prototype with a new PLM/SCM scenario. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

17. References (1/2) • Bowman, H.; Derrick, J.; Linington, PF.; Steen, MWA.: “Cross viewpoint consistency in Open Distributed Processing,” in A. Finkelstein and I. Sommerville (Eds.), IEE Software Engineering Journal, Special Issue on Viewpoints, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 44–57, 1996. • Bronsvoort, WF.; Noort, A.; Van Den Berg, E.; Hoek, GFM.: “Product development with multiple-view feature modeling”, Proc. of the IFIP Conference on Feature Modeling and Advanced Design-for-the-Lifecycle Systems, Valenciennes, France, June 2001. • Brown, J.: “The PLM program, an incremental approach to the strategic value of PLM”, http://www.technologyevaluation.com, 2003. • Bucciarelli, L.: “Between thought and object in engineering design”. Design Studies 23, 2002, pp 219-231. • Drews, M.O. : “Raisonnement Classificatoire dans une représentation à objets multi-points de vue”, PhD Thesis, University of Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, 4 October, 1993. • Easterbrook, S.: “Domain Modelling with Hierarchies of alternative viewpoints”, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, January 4-6, San Diego, California, 1993. • Finch, I.: “Viewpoints – Facilitating expert systems for multiple users”, In Proc. of the 4th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, DEXA’93, Springer-Verlad (Ed.), 1993. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

18. References (2/2) • Garlan, D.: “Views for Tools in Integrated Environments”, Proceedings of TOOLS’87, pp. 313-343, 1987. • Geryville, H.; Ouzrout, Y., Bouras, A.; Nikolaos, S.: “A collaborative framework to exchange and sharing product information within a supply chain context”, in Proceeding of IEEE, International Conference on Machine Intelligence, 2005, pp. 195-202. • Gzara, L.; Rieu, D.; Tollenaere, M.: “Product information systems engineering: an approach for building product models by reuse of patterns”, Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 19, 2003, pp. 239-261. • Hoffman, CM.; Joan-Ariyo, R.: “Distributed maintenance of multiple product views”, Computer-Aided Design, vol. 32, 2000, pp. 421-431. • ISO/IEC: RM-ODP, Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing. International Standard ISO/IEC 10746-1 to 10746-4, ITU-T Recommendations X.901 to X.904. 1997. • Ribière, M.: “Using viewpoints and CG for the representation and management of a corporate memory in concurrent engineering”. ICCS’98, Springer-Velag, 1998, pp. 94-108. • Sudarsan, R.i; Fenves, SJ.; Sriram; RD.; Wang, F.: “A product information modelling framework for product lifecycle management”, Computer-Aided Design, 2005. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

19. Questions ??? Cerral/Prisma Laboratory