The development and implementation of

1. The development and implementation of The Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory Manual Harry Vallack, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) University of York, UK harry.vallack@sei.se

2. Presentation overview • The Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum • Evolution of the Forum Manual • Objectives the approach • Description of the Forum Manual and its companion Workbook • Implementation and dissemination of the Forum Manual GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

3. The Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum • Launched at the 13th World Clean Air Congress in 2004 – an initiative of IUAPPA and SEI • The ‘Forum’ brings together the main regional policy networks and research initiatives concerned with the abatement of air pollution GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

4. Aims: • Provide a framework for dialogue and co-operation among regional air pollution organisations. • Encourage harmonization of systems and approaches to facilitate co-operation at inter-continental, hemispheric and global scales. • Provide a forum for debate on air pollution issues, in particular the policies and institutions needed to tackle the problem at the hemispheric and global scales. • Encourage the setting up of new regional networks and promote capacity-building in those regions held back by a lack of resources. GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

5. Evolution of the Forum Manual • In 2000, SEI developed the ‘Manual for Preparation of Emissions Inventories for use in Modeling of Transboundary Air Pollution’ for northeast Asia • In 2001 a new manual, based on the above, was developed in close consultation with, and tailored to the needs of, the Malé Declaration countries of South Asia. • In 2005, a similar manual was developed with the Air Pollution Information Network - Africa(APINA) countries of southern Africa. GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

6. Evolution of the Forum Manual In 2006, a Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum project brought together emissions experts from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe to produce a more generally applicable manual (the Forum Manual) based on the Malé Declaration and APINA manuals. GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

7. Objectives of the Forum manual approach • The Forum Manual is designed to be: • Relevant - experts from Brazil, China, India and Malawi had a key role in developing the Forum Manual • Easy to use – includes a simple, Excel spreadsheet-based workbook in which most calculations are carried out automatically • Compatible - with EMEP/CORINAIR, IPCC and USEPA approaches • A training tool – e.g. includes a section on ‘Principles of good practice in preparing inventories’ GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

8. Objectives of the Forum Manual approach • The Excel workbook is designed to be: • Flexible - workbook can be modified by the user (with care!) • - default emission factors offered in workbook but others can be used if preferred • - compiling large point sources (LPS) emissions is optional • - choice of very simple or more detailed methods for compiling transport emissions • Transparent - formulae used for calculations are shown - source references for default emission factors given • Appropriate -not too ‘data hungry’ - locally-relevant default emission factors given where possible (e.g. domestic fuel use, crop residue burning) GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

9. The air pollutants included in the Forum emission inventory manual • Sulphur dioxide (SO2) • Nitrogen oxides (NOX) • Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) • Ammonia (NH3) The tropospheric ozone (O3) precursors (in addition to NOX): • Carbon monoxide (CO) • Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

10. Impacts of Air Pollution at Different Scales Household Urban Peri-urban Regional Global The Forum Manual could be applied at any scale (e.g. city, province, country or region) as long as reliable activity data are available at that same scale. GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

11. 6 7 8 9 10 Industrial Processes Solvent and Other Product Use Agriculture Vegetation Fires & Forestry Waste Summary of anthropogenic emission source categories used in the manual Energy sources: • 1 Combustion in the Energy Industries • 2 Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction • 3 Transport • Combustion in Other Sectors • Fugitive emissions from fuels Other source sectors: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

12. Forum emission inventory Excel workbook: Main menu GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

13. Worksheet for Process (non-combustion) emissions from metal production GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

14. Implementation of approach The improvements of the Forumapproach have fed into the ongoing training activities of the Sida-funded Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries (RAPIDC) programme Malé Declaration Countries of South Asia: First training workshop held in Bangkok in July 2006 with participants from all 8 countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) and 2nd workshop planned for February 2007. APINA (Air Pollution Information Network - Africa): First training workshop held in Blantyre, Malawi in February 2006 and the 2nd held in Cape Town, South Africa in September 2006 (Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

15. Implementation of approach • Dissemination of Forum Manual to all member networks of the Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum (and others): The Forum Manual can be downloaded from http://www.sei.se/index.php?section=atmospheric&page=forummanual or soon from www.gapforum.org • Training within other air pollution networks in other regions • Development of future programme to further improve and enhance the Manual and Workbook • Implementing related projects (e.g. developing appropriate emission factors for non-OECD countries) GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM

16. “If one takes no thought about what is distant ……. • ……. one will find sorrow near at hand.” • Confucius(551 BC - 479 BC) Thank you GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION FORUM