Tentative CNA clinical Groups

1. Srujal • Nicole • Prachi • Celina • Katie • Jaxmaureen • Taylor M • Shinera • Sergio • Alexa • Nick • Sagar • Allison • Dana • Sabrina • Rishi • Jessica • Pierce • James • Christian • Michal • Kristen • Ravina • Avani • Juhi • Masaumi • Eduardo • C Dec/Jan A/B (November) • D Jan/Feb • Edward • Dan • Danielle • Taylor L • Erin • Jessica • Neil • Hubert • Bailey • Rachel Tentative CNA clinical Groups

2. Preventing Infection Unit 5

3. Infection control involves preventing & controlling the spread of disease in a healthcare facility. • All care team members must work to prevent the spread of disease. • All facilities have infection control policies. Infection control

4. Microorganisms (also called microbes) are tiny living things that can only be viewed through a microscope. • Pathogens are harmful organisms that invade the body & multiply. • Pathogens cause infections. Microorganisms

5. Systemicinfections • Infection in the bloodstream spread throughout body. • Generalized symptoms: fever, chills, confusion. • Localized infections • Located in specific part of body. • Causes symptoms at site of infection. • Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are acquired in healthcare settings, as a result of Txfor other conditions. (AKA: nosocomial infections.) Infections

6. Medical asepsis – process of removing all pathogens. • “Clean” – not contaminated with pathogens • “Dirty” – contaminated with pathogens • Surgical asepsis – process of removing all micoorganisms, not just pathogens. • Also called “sterile technique” 2 kinds of asepsis

7. ____Measures practiced in agencies to prevent & control the spread of infection. • ____A harmful microbe. • ____Infections that are the result of treatment for other conditions. • ____Tiny living things that cannot be seen s a microscope. • ____Occurs when pathogens invade the body & multiply. • ____Infection that is confined to a specific part of the body. • Healthcare-associated infection • Infection • Infection control • Localized infection • Microorganism or microbe • Pathogen Matching

8. ____The state of being free of all microbes, not just pathogens. • ____The process of removing pathogens, or the state of being free of pathogens. • ____When pathogens are in the bloodstream & spread throughout the body. • ____In healthcare, objects that have not been contaminated with pathogens. • ____In healthcare, objects that have been contaminated with pathogens. • Clean • Dirty • Medical asepsis • Surgical asepsis • Systemic infection Matching

9. Chain of infection is a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one living being to another. Chain of infection

10. Causative agent (pathogen): can be bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa. May be normal flora in one part of body, pathogenic in another. Chain of infection

11. Reservoir is the place where the pathogen lives & grows (usually warm, dark, moist place). Chain of infection

12. Portal of exit is any opening in the body that allows pathogens to leave (mouth, eyes, wound in skin). Chain of infection

13. Mode of transmission describes how the pathogen travels from one person to next person (can be by direct contact or indirect contact). Chain of infection

14. Portal of entry is any body opening that allows a pathogen to enter (mouth, eyes, nose, mucous membrane, or break in skin). Chain of infection

15. Susceptible host is any uninfected person who could get sick. Chain of infection

16. Infection prevention practices & vaccinations break links in the chain of infection to stop the transmission of infection. Chain of infection

17. ____opening on an infected person that lets pathogens leave. • ____opening on uninfected person that lets pathogens enter. • ____pathogen, microbe that causes disease. • ____place were pathogen lives & grows. • ____uninfected person who could get sick. • ____how pathogens travel from one person to another. • Causative agent • Reservoir • Portal of exit • Mode of transmission • Portal of entry • Susceptible host Matching

18. Elderly are at high risk for infection. Immune systems are weaker. Chronic illnesses Decreased circulation Slow wound healing Malnutrition due to difficulties chewing &/or swallowing, appetite & thirst, weakness, medications Limited mobility Frequent hospitalizations. Risk of infection

19. Infection is more dangerous for the elderly. Simple illnesses can turn life-threatening Recovery takes longer. Prevention is the key. Risk of infection

20. S & S of local infection. Fever Body aches Pus Drainage Swelling Heat Signs & symptoms of infection

21. S & S of systemic infection. Pain Body aches Chills Nausea Vomiting Weakness Headache Confusion blood pressure Signs & symptoms of infection

22. ____ The elderly have a higher risk for infection than younger people. • _____It is normal for a person’s immune system to grow weaker as he or she ages. • _____ Blood circulation increases as a person ages. • ____ Limited mobility increases the risk of pressure sores as a person ages. • _____Nutrition & fluid intake play no part in helping prevent infection. True or false

23. ____ The elderly are less likely than younger people to have HAIs. • _____Infections are less dangerous in the elderly than in young people. • _____ CNAs play an important role in protecting elderly residents from infections. • ____ Redness & swelling are common symptoms of systemic infections. • _____Fever, chills, & confusion are symptoms of systemic infection. True or false

24. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention) is a government agency that promotes public health of Americans. • Recommended new infection control system in 1996 to reduce risk of infectious disease in health care settings. • 2 tiers of precautions • Standard precautions • Transmissions-based (isolation) precautions Infection control precautions

25. Standard precautions means to treat all blood, body fluids, & non-intact skin & mucous membranes as if they were infected with an infectious disease. • For standard precautions, “body fluids” include saliva, sputum (coughed up mucous), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus or wound drainage.They do NOT include sweat. • Remember standard precautions should ALWAYS be practiced with everyone. • Transmission based precautions are based on how an infection is transmitted & are used in addition to standard precautions. Standard precautions

26. Always practice standard precautions c every person in your care. • Wash hands a & p gloving. • Do not touch clean objects while wearing gloves. • Wear gloves q time you may come into contact with blood or body fluids • Includes mouth care, toileting, cleaning up spills or containers that have held body fluids. Standard precautions

27. Remove gloves immediately when finished c procedure • Immediately wash all skin surfaces that have been contaminated c blood or body fluids • Wear gloves & use caution when handlingsharps (needles, blades, anything that can cut or pierce skin). Discard these objects in a puncture-resistant biohazard container. Standard precautions

28. Never cap a needle or syringe. Dispose of them in a biohazardous waste container. • Avoid nicks & cuts when shaving residents. • Carefully bag all contaminated supplies & dispose of them according to facility policy. • Clearly label body fluids that are saved for a lab specimen. Keep them in a container with a lid & transport them in a biohazard specimen bag. • Dispose of contaminated liquid waste in sewer system. Avoid splashing. Standard precautions

29. ____ Standard precautions means treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, & mucous membranes as if they were infected. • _____Standard precautions relate to all body fluids except saliva. • _____ You can usually tell if someone is infectious by looking at him. • _____ The CDC is a government agency that issues information to protect the health of individuals & communities. True or false

30. ____You should wash your hands before putting on gloves. • _____Syringes should be re-capped p use. • _____Giving mouth care will require you to wear gloves. • _____It is a good idea to wear a mask & goggles to empty a bedpan. • _____When cleaning a urinal, you don’t need to wear gloves. True or false

31. Standard precautions should be practiced • Only on people who look like they have a bloodborne disease. • On every single person in your care. • Only on people who request that you follow them. • Only people who have tuberculosis. Multiple choice

32. Standard precautions include the following measures • Using your used or soiled gloves to gather clean equipment. • Wearing gloves if there is a possibility of contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, or broken skin. • Touching body fluids with your bare hands. • Putting caps on used needles. Multiple choice

33. Which of the following is true of transmission-based, or isolation precautions? • You do not need to practice standard precautions if you practice transmission-based precautions. • They are exactly the same as standard precautions. • They are practiced in addition to standard precautions. • They are never practiced at the same time that standard precautions are used. Multiple choice

34. CDC definition of hand hygieneincludes both: • handwashing with either plain or antimicrobial soap & water • using alcohol-based hand rubs (gel, rinse, or foam). • Alcohol-based hand rubs are not a substitute for handwashing. • Always use soap & water for visibly soiled hands. Hand hygiene

35. Consider removing rings while working. They may increase the risk of contamination. • Keep fingernails short, smooth, & clean. • Artificial nails harbor bacteria & risk contamination. • Always wash hands a & p handling food. • A & p applying makeup. • P contact c pets or pet care items. • A you start work & a you leave. Hand hygiene

36. You will come in contact c microbes • Only in public areas of the facility. • Only during direct contact c residents. • Only during personal care procedures. • Q time you touch something. Multiple choice

37. You will come in contact c microbes • Only in public areas of the facility. • Only during direct contact with residents. • Only during person care procedures. • Every time you touch something. • Why is it a bad idea to wear artificial nails to work? • Residents may not like them. • They may be lost. • They harbor bacteria. • They may be damaged by frequent handwashing. Multiple choice

38. Alcohol-based hand rubs are used • With water for maximum effectiveness. • When agency runs out of antimicrobial soap. • To prevent dry, cracked skin. • In addition to washing c soap & water. • The CDC defines hand hygiene as • Handwashing c soap & water & using alcohol-based hand rubs. • Using only alcohol-based hand rubs. • Rinsing ands c water. • Not washing hands more often than once per day. Multiple choice

39. Protects employees from contact with workplace hazards. • It is the employers responsibility to provide appropriate PPE to wear • Includes gloves, gowns, masks, face shields, & goggles. Personal protective equipment (PPE)

40. GLOVES • Any time you will be in contact with blood or body fluids • Oral care & shaving • Personal care on non-intact skin • Disposing of soiled bed linens or clothing • Any time you have open sores or cuts on your hands (1st cover area c bandage or gauze) • Use them only once & discard. Personal protective equipment (PPE)

41. Gowns • Protect clothing & exposed skin • Should fully cover torso • Should fit snugly at wrists • Remove it if wet or soiled, check clothing & put on a clean gown Personal protective equipment (PPE)

42. Masks & goggles • Masks are worn c residents who have respiratory illnesses (TB requires special masks) • Must fit snugly over nose & mouth to prevent fluid penetration • Goggles protect eyes. Glasses are inadequate. • Should fit snugly over & around eyes or glasses Personal protective equipment (PPE)

43. Face Shields • Substitutes for a mask & goggles • Should cover forehead & extend below chin • Wraps around sides of face • Always follow company policy Personal protective equipment (PPE)

44. Utility rooms • There are separate utility rooms for “clean” & “dirty” supplies. • Always wash hands a entering the clean utility room & a leaving the dirty utility room. Handling equipment & linen

45. Cleaning equipment • General cleaning removes microbes, but doesn’t kill them. This is adequate for supplies that only touch intact skin (BP cuff) • Sterilization destroys ALL microbes using steam under pressure, chemicals, or dry heat. Used for items that come in contact c normally sterile areas. • Disinfection kills all pathogens, but not all microbes, using chemicals or pasteurization. Handling equipment & linen

46. Handling equipment & cleaning • Always avoid contact c portals of entry/exit • Avoid contaminating your clothing • Don’t transfer disease between residents • Dispose of disposable equipment after use • Don’t reuse equipment shared between residents until it has been cleaned • Clean all environmental surfaces, freq touched surfaces, beds, rails, & freq touched surfaces Handling equipment & linen

47. Handling linen • Handled soiled linens & clothing to avoid contact with skin & mucous membranes • Hold linen away from uniform • Don’t shake linens of clothes • Roll dirty linens so soiled area is on inside • Bag soiled linen at point of origin • Sort soiled linen away from patient care areas. • Place wet linen in leak-proof bags Handling equipment & linen

48. Always wear gloves • Absorb spill according to policy • Scoop up absorbed spill & dispose according to policy • Apply disinfectant & wait 10 minutes • Use proper cleaning solution • Do not pick up pieces of broken glass. Use dustpan & broom or other tools. • Use biohazard containers according to policy. Handling spills

49. ____ A measure that destroys all microbes, including pathogens. • ____ A process that kills pathogens, but not all microbes. • ____ Only to be used once & then discarded. • Disinfection • Disposable • Sterilization Matching

50. ____You do not need to wear gloves to clean up a small spill. • ____Place a disinfectant directly on the spilled fluid a absorbing & removing the fluid • ____It’s okay to use your hands to pick up large pieces of glass & use a broom & dustpan for smaller pieces. • ____Waste containing body fluids may be disposed of in the trash can in the cafeteria. • ____An absorbing powder may be used to absorb a spill before removing it. True of false