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A country in peril: domestic and global energy demand & threat to the environment

A country in peril: domestic and global energy demand & threat to the environment. Fabby Tumiwa Institute for Essential Services Reform Indonesia. Indonesia (de)Forest(ation). Sumber: SDSU & Dephut- MODIS Images, 2007. Forest Cover: 162 mil ha (1950)  94 mil (2003)

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A country in peril: domestic and global energy demand & threat to the environment

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  1. A country in peril:domestic and global energy demand & threat to the environment Fabby Tumiwa Institute for Essential Services Reform Indonesia

  2. Indonesia (de)Forest(ation) Sumber: SDSU & Dephut- MODIS Images, 2007 • Forest Cover: 162 mil ha (1950)  94 mil (2003) • Destructive Forest: 42 mil ha (2003) • People live in forest: 48 mil • Deforestation and forest degradation rate: 1.1-2.6 mil ha/ year

  3. What is the causes? • Population: 97 mil (1961), 215 mil (2003) • Infrastructure development • Land use change: agriculture, plantation, mining • Land clearing • Illegal logging

  4. Coal Resources

  5. Coal Production Target • Coal production target: • 2010: 240 - 260 million ton • 2015: 280 - 300 million ton • 2020: 320 - 350 million ton • 2025: 370 million ton • Driver: • Domestic demand growth: 9,17 mil ton/yr • Domestic demand in 2020: 170 mil ton • Domestic demand in 2025: 220 mil ton • International demand growth: 3,8 mil ton/yr

  6. Coal Production and Consumption Source: APBI-ICMA

  7. Coal reserves and production Reserves Production 1000 Mt 1000 Mt World production 2006: 5,356 Mt (hard coal) 967 Mt (lignite) depletion rate: 2.5% p.yr. Lignite Reserves Subbituminous Coal Reserves Bituminous Coal Reserves Hard coal production Source: WEC 2007/BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Analysis LBST 2007

  8. Agrofuel • 70% of the oil palm plantations were planted on land that formally fell within Indonesia’s forest estate between 1982 and 1999. This totaled close to 2.2 million ha of forest land • fragmentation of high conservation value forests (HCVF) • loss of forest ecological functions and socioeconomic benefits for local people.

  9. Demand for Agrofuels • Increased global demand for palm oil to be used for bio-fuels • EU (European Union) target of 5.75% of energy from renewable sources by 2012 • US (United States) administration has pledged to increase the use of renewable fuels from 7.5 billion gallons in 2012 to 35 billion gallons in 2017 • Government of Indonesia has promoted a plan to use oil palm based biodiesel to reduce dependency on fossil fuels by 10% for 2010 and 25% by 2025

  10. Mega Oil Palm Project • Change in mega plan (1.8 million ha new plantation) at the border of Kalimantan (Heart of Borneo eco-region)

  11. Conclusion • Indonesia environment is in peril due to increasing fossil and agrofuel demand from domestic and the world, which is unsustainable. • This pattern must be changed, driver of ecological destruction must be addressed both in domestic and international level. World Energy Demand Scenario (Reff) Source: IEA WEO 2008

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