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MORPHOLOGY

MORPHOLOGY. “Word Classes and Affixes”. Deny A. Kwary www.kwary.net. Main Divisions of Word Classes (Parts of Speech):. Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs. Content Words Function Words. Conjunctions Prepositions Articles Pronouns.

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MORPHOLOGY

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  1. MORPHOLOGY “Word Classes and Affixes” Deny A. Kwary www.kwary.net

  2. Main Divisions of Word Classes (Parts of Speech): • Nouns • Verbs • Adjectives • Adverbs • Content Words • Function Words • Conjunctions • Prepositions • Articles • Pronouns

  3. Exercise: Determine the word class of each of the following words • Noun • Article • Pronoun • Adjective • Noun • Adverb • Verb • Conjunction • Preposition • canine • the • him • elegant • inconvenience • eloquently • comply • inasmuch as • over

  4. Morpheme: The minimal unit of meaning Free morpheme: a single morpheme that constitutes a word and can stand alone. Bound morpheme: a morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme.

  5. Question #2a, b, i, j, k, l, m Example: • Retroactive = retro + act + ive Free morpheme = act Bound morphemes = retro-, -ive

  6. English Affixes(based on the position) Prefix: An affix that occurs before a morpheme Suffix: An affix that occurs after a morpheme

  7. English Prefixes Examples of Negative Prefixes: un- non- dis- a- Examples of size and degree prefixes: mini- sub- over- super-

  8. English Suffixes Class preserving suffixation: -er  lecturer -ian librarian -ist  scientist -let  piglet Class changing suffixation: Verb  Noun perform performance Adjective  Adverb nice  nicely Adjective  Noun active  activity

  9. Affixes(based on the function) Inflections vs. Derivations

  10. Definition • Derivational morpheme: deriving (creating) a new word with a new meaning. • Inflectional morpheme: changing the form of a word because of the rules of syntax.

  11. English Inflectional Morphemes Nouns –s plural –’s possessive Verbs –s third person singular present –ed past tense –en past participle –ing progressive Adjectives –er comparative –est superlative

  12. Some examples of English Derivational Morpheme • -ic : Noun  Adj ; alcohol  alcoholic • -ance : Verb  Noun ; clear  clearance • -ly : Adj  Adv ; exact  exactly • -ity : Adj  Noun ; active  activity • -able : Verb  Adj ; read  readable • -ship : Noun  Noun ; friend  friendship • re- : Verb  Verb ; cover  recover • in- : Adj  Adj ; definite  indefinite

  13. Describe the italic affixes: • Derivational prefix • Inflectional suffix • Derivational suffix • Inflectional suffix • Derivational prefix • Derivational suffix • Inflectional suffix • impossible • terrorized • terrorize • desks • dislike • humanity • fastest

  14. Describe the italic affixes: • premature • untie • darken • fallen • oxen • faster • lecturer • Derivational prefix • Derivational prefix • Derivational suffix • Inflectional suffix • Inflectional suffix • Inflectional suffix • Derivational suffix

  15. That’s All For Today See You Next Week Deny A. Kwary www.kwary.net

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