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Terminology

Terminology. Anatomy. The study of the structure of an organism and its parts First used in Rome, means “To cut up” Terminology is important to give accurate, objective explanations and opinions Anatomical Position: Quadruped: standing on all 4 limbs with head and tail extended

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Terminology

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  1. Terminology

  2. Anatomy • The study of the structure of an organism and its parts • First used in Rome, means “To cut up” • Terminology is important to give accurate, objective explanations and opinions • Anatomical Position: • Quadruped: standing on all 4 limbs with head and tail extended • Biped: standing on lower limbs in an upright position, palms open and toes forward

  3. Directional Terms • Cranial: toward or pertaining to the head (also called anterior) • Caudal: toward or pertaining to the tail or rear (also called posterior) • Rostral: the most forward part of the body • Dorsal: Toward the back • Ventral: Away from the back or toward the belly • Medial: Toward the middle or median plane

  4. Directional Terms • Lateral: away from the middle or median plane • Proximal: Point nearest to the central axis • Distal: Point farthest from the central axis • Superficial: toward the surface • Deep: away from the surface • Superior: toward the top of the vertical plane • Inferior: away from the top of the vertical plane

  5. Planes of Section • An imaginary flat surface that extends through the body in a particular direction • Sagittal: vertical, divides body into right and left positions • Frontal: vertical, divides into front and back positions • Transverse: horizontal, divides into cranial and caudal portions

  6. Principles of Dissection • Primary goal is to observe structures that can not otherwise be seen normally • Achieved by working from exterior surface inward • Allows you to study all the internal structures in their proper location in the body

  7. Principles of Dissection • Dissection is not just “cutting up” animals • Must be careful separating structures from one another to avoid damage • Do not cut or remove structures before identification

  8. Dissection Instruments • Blunt Probe: a rigid 5 inch steel instrument with a blunt, usually bent tip; useful for tearing mesentary and muscles • Scissors: usually 4-6 inches long, used to cut through skin and muscles • Scalpel: 5 inches long with replaceable blades, used to cut through tissues, use carefully

  9. Dissection Instruments • Needle Probe: 3 inch needle attached to a wooden handle, used as a pointer, to attach specimen to tray or move mesentary • Forceps: (tweezers)5 in long long ridged handles to prevent fingers from slipping, used to grasp small objects and remove connective tissue • Protective Gear: preservative can irritate skin and damage clothes, wear gloves and protective eyewear.

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