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Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein

Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein. What are chromosomes? Where are they found?. Chromosome. DNA double helix. Histones. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. What is a gene?. Where do we get our genes?. It’s all in the DNA, and it’s hereditary!

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Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein

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  1. Central DogmaDNA RNA Protein

  2. What are chromosomes? Where are they found? Chromosome DNA double helix Histones

  3. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. What is a gene?

  4. Where do we get our genes? • It’s all in the DNA, and it’s hereditary! • That means different combinations of genes from mom and dad make you and all your siblings!

  5. DNA Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)

  6. DNA Nitrogen Base Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Nucleotide Phosphate group Deoxyribose sugar

  7. What are the rules of BASE PAIRING? • In a DNA molecule, every nitrogenous base is paired: • Adenine pairs with Thymine • Guanine pairs with Cytosine • Thymine pairs with Adenine • Cytosine pairs with Guanine

  8. RNA • Serves as a messenger between the nucleus and the ribosomes. • Carries information in order to make proteins from aminoacids.

  9. RNA Structure • A= Adenine • G= Guanine • C= Cytosine • U= Uracil • Uracil replaces Thymine • Single stranded.

  10. Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA Bringamino acids toribosome Combine with proteins tRNA mRNA Carry instructions rRNA DNA Ribosome Ribosomes Concept Map Section 12-3 RNA can be also called which functions to also called which functions to also called which functions to from to to make up Go to Section:

  11. Review • Fill in the missing nitrogen bases to make this DNA double-stranded. • Use the green DNA strand as a template to transcribe RNA: TAC-ACG-TCC-ATA-CAT-GGT-CCA-ATT ATG- -TAA

  12. Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) Transcription

  13. TranscriptionDNA is transcribed into RNA • RNA polymerase attaches to DNA and unzips it. • One strand of DNA is used as a template. • RNA polymerase attaches nucleotides to the template to make a single strand of RNA.

  14. What does it mean to transcribe? • To transcribe means to rewrite in a different script (lettering) • Remember DNA consists of A, T, G, C • RNA consists of A, U, G, C

  15. Transcription

  16. Codons (Found on mRNA) • Codons consist of three nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid • Example: • UCGCACGGU should be read as… • UCG-CAC-GGU which codes for • Serine-Histidine-Glycine

  17. Anticodons (Found on tRNA) • Anticodons consist of three unpaired nucleotides that are complementary to one mRNA codon • Functions to attach tRNA to mRNA so that amino acids can attach to one another • Example: • (1) mRNA: UCG-CAC-GGU • (3) tRNA: AGC GUG CCA

  18. TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION

  19. Translation • mRNA attaches to ribosome • tRNA brings amino acids to mRNA • Anticodons (on tRNA) bind to codons (on mRNA) starting at “start” codon, AUG • Ribosome joins the amino acids together to make a polypeptide chain (protein) until a “stop” codon is reached.

  20. Translation

  21. Translation cont.

  22. Genetic Code

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