Chapters 30 and 32

1. Chapters 30 and 32 The Politics of Protest Politics and Economics

2. The Feminist Movement • The 1960s spirit of protest carried over to the Women’s Movement. • In the 1960s, women were paid less… • Feminism – the belief that women should be equal socially, • Women were expected to be content as…

4. Betty Friedan • Friedan wrote a book called The Feminine Mystique. • Friedan believed that society assumed marriage was the only “feminine” option. • The book told of unfulfilled women who were caught in the daily grind of child care, …

5. Equality in Education • Girls were routinely denied equal access to education. • Title IX, a federal act prevented discrimination against girls in all aspects…

6. Roe v. Wade (1973) • Until this supreme court decision, individual states regulated abortion rulings. • In most cases, a woman faced criminal charges if… • The landmark case Roe v. Wade said abortions were legal in the first trimester because women had a…

7. Equal Rights Amendment • To ensure gender equality, Congress passed the ERA. The proposed constitutional amendment outlawed… • The amendment was never ratified by enough states and did not become part of the Constitution. • However, the ERA is important because…

9. Affirmative Action • AA – actively recruiting and hiring women… • Intent of AA – to make society fairer because of… • AA sometimes called “reverse discrimination” because…

10. Affirmative Action Tested • Allen Bakke, a white man, was denied entrance to medical school. He discovered that some women and minorities had actually scored lower than him on the med. school exam. • Bakke sued in the case University of California Regents v. Bakke (1974). The court said… • ROYO “Equal Access to Education” p. 934.

11. Saving the Earth • Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring warned of the dangerous nature of DDT, a commonly used pesticide. • Companies who produced chemicals protested… • HSO – increased awareness that humans were… • Environmental Protection Agency- regulated… • Liberal or conservative?

12. Many internal divisions took place during the 1960s. Examples: • conservatives v. liberals • workers v. students • whites v. blacks • old v. young • A Conservative Backlash (Silent Majority) developed.

13. Conservative Backlash • Silent Majority – a reaction against the social protests of the 1960s and a desire to return… • Nixon appealed to the Silent Majority and championed a more conservative course for government.

14. Nixon’s New Federalism • New Federalism – Nixon pledged to give more power back to… • Conservative or liberal? • How did the Silent Majority feel about New Federalism?

15. Nixon and Foreign Policy • In the summer of 1971, Secretary of State Kissinger visited China. The visit ended two decades of…. • The developing relationship between the US and China made the Soviet Union feel… • The Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and Nixon met and agreed to “détente.”

16. US and USSR Relations • Détente meant… • Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) followed – the two countries agreed to limit…

17. Election of 1972 • Republican – Nixon • Democrat – George McGovern Nixon easily reelection.

18. The Watergate Complex

19. Watergate • The Democratic National Committee headquarters was burglarized. Police arrested five men and recovered cameras, film, and… • To insure Nixon’s 1972 reelection, and organization, Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP) formed. John Mitchell headed CREEP.

20. Watergate (continued) • G. Gordon Liddy, a CREEP member, came up with the idea to break into the Democratic headquarters. • He hope to wiretap phones and find information… • Word of the Watergate break-in reached the Washington Post where two young reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein researched…

21. Watergate (continued) • The reporters soon discovered the thieves had received money from CREEP. • Publicly, Nixon denied any involvement by his staff or CREEP members. Privately, Nixon authorized $460,000 to be… • Finally, James McCord, one of the men caught in the Watergate told…

22. The Watergate Trial • The Senate began investigation of an executive cover-up of the break-in. • It was revealed the Nixon had ordered the White House “bugged” so he could hear private conversations. Tapes of those conversations existed. • Nixon refused to turn the tapes over to authorities saying…the tapes were a matter of national security.

23. Trial (continued) • Nixon’s popularity decreased when his vice-president Spiro Agnew resigned because of…income tax evasion.

24. United States v. Nixon • The Supreme Court ordered that Nixon turn over unedited copies of the White House tape recordings. • The tapes revealed that Nixon had ordered the CIA to…cover up the break-in • Nixon resigned before his impeachment. • Congress quickly approved Gerald Ford as the new…president. Ford was the only person ever to NOT be elected by the people as president or VP.

25. Ford Becomes President • One of Gerald Ford’s first moves as president was to pardon…Nixon of crimes associated with Watergate • The Watergate scandal turned many people off to politics and opened the way for a new-comer… Jimmy Carter.