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Monday, April 8 th

Monday, April 8 th. Introduction to Animals Objective : Be able to identify if an organism is in the animal kingdom based off characteristics. 10 Animal Phylums. WHAT IS AN ANIMAL. Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Reproduce sexually and asexually Lack cell walls. SYMMETRY.

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Monday, April 8 th

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  1. Monday, April 8th Introduction to Animals Objective: Be able to identify if an organism is in the animal kingdom based off characteristics

  2. 10 Animal Phylums

  3. WHAT IS AN ANIMAL • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • Eukaryotic • Reproduce sexually and asexually • Lack cell walls

  4. SYMMETRY • Asymmetry-no body plan(sponges) • Radial Symmetry-radiate from center (jelly fish) • Bilateral Symmetry-identical halves when cut from head to tail.

  5. Anatomical Terminology • Superior (toward head) • Inferior (toward feet) • Dorsal (toward back) • Ventral ( toward front) • Medial (towards center) • Lateral (towards outside) • Proximal • Distal

  6. BODY PLAN • coelom- body cavity to house organs. An evolutionary advantage • acoelomate - no body cavity present • Pseudocoelomate – partial body cavity

  7. Introduction to Animals Germ Layers • Endoderm • inner layer of cells • Ectoderm • outer layer of cells • Mesoderm • layer of cells between the endoderm and ectoderm

  8. 10 Animal Phylums

  9. SPONGES PHYLUM PORIFERA FEEDING: water is drawn in through pores into a central cavity and out of opening called OSCULUM Lack TRUE Tissues Sessile (doesn’t move)

  10. 2 Tissue Layers Ectoderm & Endoderm Hermaphrodites Egg & Sperm – Sexual reproduction results when sperm are drawn to other sponge Capable of Regeneration NO Tissues or coordination between parts

  11. Check these Porifera out 

  12. Hydra, Sea Jelly (Jellyfish), corals PHYLUM CNIDARIA • radial symmetry* *denotes evolutionary advancement 2 Germ Layers Endotherm & Ectotherm **Muscles & Nerves Simplest Form **RadialSymmetry ** evolutionary advancement

  13. Body is a sac with a central gastrovascular cavity and 1 opening (mouth and anus) • Carnivores: use nematocysts (tentacles) to capture prey • Can occur as POLYP (sessile) or MEDUSA (free swimming) • Reproduce by spawning

  14. PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES • Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms • Bilateral symmetry* • 3 tissue layers* ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm • more complex organ systems and true muscles*

  15. only 1 opening Reproduction: • sexually - exchange sperm through internal fertilization • asexually - regeneration • Hermaphrodites

  16. PHYLUM NEMATODA • roundworms • Most numerous of all animals • complete digestive tract; 2 OPENINGS* • Reproduction is usually sexual w/ separate males and females • Fertilization is internal • Pseudocoelom*

  17. parasitic worms

  18. PHYLUM ANNELIDA • Segmented worms: earthworm, leech • all have segments* • Coelom (body cavity) - houses, cushions and protects organs* • Digestive system has specialized regions;Pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard and intestines

  19. Closed circulatory system; blood* • “brainlike” cerebral ganglia • Hermaphroditic but cross fertilize (exchange sperm and store it in clitellium) • The Giant Earthworm

  20. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA • Snails, oysters, octopus • coelom* • BODY: 3 main parts FOOT (movement) VISCERAL MASS (internal organs) MANTLE (shell)

  21. Separate sexes with ovaries and testes in visceral mass -- reproduce sexually

  22. CLASSES of Mollusks • Class Gastropoda - snails, slugs • single shell • Class Bivalvia - oysters, clams • suspension feeders • two shells • Class Cephlapoda - octopus, squid • built for speed -- carnivores, • reduced shell (beak)

  23. PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA • Sea stars, sea urchins • Radial symmetry • plates with spines embedded in soft body tissues.

  24. External fertilization; separate males and females • simple nervous and sensory system; no excretory system • Gill-like structures • a sea star is a predator; it spits its stomach from its mouth and digests its food and brings the stomach back in.

  25. PHYLUM Arthropoda

  26. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA • Most successful group of animals ever to live • segmentation, hard skeleton and jointed appendages led to great success.

  27. Appendages are modified for walking, feeding, flying, sensory reception, copulation and defense • Body covered with cuticle (exoskeleton) made of chitin; provides protection and place for muscle attachment • Grow by molting • Separate sexes: males and females

  28. Well developed sensory organs including eyes, olfactory receptors (scent), antennae (touch). • Cephalization is extensive (well defined head)

  29. CLASS ARACHNIDA • spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions • 2 body parts (cephalothorax and abdomen) • anterior appendages are modified as pincers or fangs (chelicerae)

  30. CLASS DIPLOPODA (millipedes) • 2 pair of legs per segment • saprophytes CLASS CHILOPODA (centipedes) • 1 pair of legs per segment • carnivorous, poisonous

  31. Class Insecta • out number all other life forms combined • complex NS • 3 body regions (head, thorax and abdomen) • specialized mouthparts (mandibles for eating) • 3 pairs of legs • Pollination

  32. CLASS CRUSTACEA • Lobsters, crawfish, shrimp, crab • Most are aquatic • Head and thorax fused into 1 cephalothorax

  33. `

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