Bellringer

1. Bellringer • Turn in your advertisement to the Homework Bin and pick up your bin of supplies and books for your group from the bookshelf. • Fill out the small half-sheet of paper—that’s your warm-up! Try to do it using your brain only, then look at your notes if necessary. • After you finish the warm-up, start working on your map! • BJOTD: Where do books sleep?

2. What happened AFTER the explorers found the new lands?

3. 1st: The Aztec, Mayan, and Incan Empires were destroyed

4. Aztecs • Soon after Cortez landed in Mexico he learned of the vast and wealthy Aztec Empire. • Cortez and nearly 600 troops spent weeks walking through difficult mountain passes and finally reached the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. • At first Montezuma thought Cortez was a god and agreed to give him gold. However, Cortez was not happy. Cortez admitted he “had a disease that only gold could cure” and demanded more gold. • In 1520 the Aztecs rebelled against the Spanish intruders and drove out Cortez’s forces. • The Spaniards, however, fought back and conquered the Aztecs in 1521

5. The Spaniards won because: • They had more advanced weaponry • Cortez convinced other native groups to help fight the Aztecs • The Spaniards spread measles, mumps, and smallpox, devastating the Aztec population

6. Incans • In 1522, Francisco Pizzarro conquered the Incan Empire. He even strangled the Incan ruler, Atahualpa, to death. • Spanish explorers also conquered the Mayans in the Yucatan and Guatemala.

7. 2nd: The Europeans ruled the new lands as dictators and established a rigid class system • Although Spanish conquerors lived among and intermarried with the native people, they also oppressed them • In a system known as encomienda, natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords • The Spanish colonists promised the Spanish rulers they would treat the workers fairly, however,many were worked to death • The natives were seen as “lesser” people in the eyes of Europeans because they did not practice Christianity and did not speak the same language. Europeans tried to force Christianity on the natives in hopes of “helping” them.

8. 3rd: Colonies imitated their homeland cultures in these New Lands • Conquerors typically set up the same forms of government, social values, customs, languages, and religions • They referred to these new lands as New Spain and New France

9. 4th: Once the slave trade begins, the colonists will force some Africans into slavery • Europeans killed off too many American Indians, so they needed a new source of labor • Europeans set up trading posts along the coast of Africa • Slaves, gold, and ivory were typically transported out of Africa

11. 5th: Asia was invaded by competing Europeans searching for wealth • In a short time, the 3 leading nations in Asia were England, the Dutch (Netherlands) and Portugal. • Each of these countries had their own East Indian Company which were in charge of handling the affairs that took place overseas • Each company had the ability to mint money, make treaties and raise their own armies. • The Dutch East India Company was richer and more powerful that England’s and Portugal's companies • As a result, the Dutch drove out the British and Portuguese and established dominance over the Far East region. • Dominance meant money, power, and prestige.

12. 6th: European nations begin to fight over land • Treaty of Tordesillas(1494) • Spain and Portugal signed a treaty dividing up the new lands • An imaginary line was drawn through Brazil: everything to the East belonged to Portugal, everything to the West belonged to Spain

13. Activity • On a separate piece of paper: • On the front, draw a Spanish Explorer and write down • 5 things they would see • 5 things they would hear • 5 things they would feel • On the back, draw an American Indian and write down • 5 things they would see • 5 things they would hear • 5 things they would feel