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Bellringer

Bellringer. On the map, label: Britain Spain Italy Greece Russia Asia Minor Mediterranean Black Sea. Agenda. Byzantine GRAPES. Objectives. Students will be able to… 51. Summarize the accomplishments of Justinian and the Byzantine Empire.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • On the map, label: • Britain • Spain • Italy • Greece • Russia • Asia Minor • Mediterranean • Black Sea

  2. Agenda • Byzantine GRAPES

  3. Objectives Students will be able to… 51. Summarize the accomplishments of Justinian and the Byzantine Empire. 52. Assess the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. 53. Explain the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and Russia.

  4. Objective #51 The Byzantine Empire

  5. G • Eastern Roman Empire  Byzantine Empire • Asia Minor, Balkan Peninsula, Egypt, Palestine • Capital: Constantinople

  6. Location is Everything • Why Constantinople? • Rule #3 • Far from the Germans • Natural defenses

  7. Maps! Black Sea 6 Caspian Sea Italy 2 10 Spain (Iberia) 1 Greece 3 Asia Minor 7 Canaan/ Judea 8 Mediterranean Sea 4 Egypt 5 Arabia 9

  8. (Objective #52) R • Christianity, of course • Schism • Pope and patriarch • Icons • Language • Marriage and celibacy • Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox

  9. A • Preserved Greco-Roman culture • Germans were illiterate • Art • Especially icons and mosaics

  10. Byzantine Art • Blended Greek, Roman, and Middle Eastern styles • Emphasized two themes • The glory of the emperor and empire • The Church • Use lots of bright colors!

  11. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

  12. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

  13. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

  14. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

  15. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

  16. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

  17. Other Achievements (write them now, explained in a moment) • Constantinople • Hagia Sophia • Justinian Code • Surviving for 1000 years

  18. P • Empire • Monarchy • Theocracy? • Famous ruler: Justinian

  19. Justinian • Restores the glory of Rome • Rebuilds Constantinople • Re-conquers Roman territory • Reforms the empire

  20. Rebuilding Constantinople • Justinian: repairs defensive walls and fortifications, and builds new ones

  21. Rebuilding Constantinople • Justinian: modernizes the city • Hospitals • Schools • Palaces • Aqueducts • Law courts • Public baths • Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

  22. Rebuilding Constantinople • Justinian: builds churches, including the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

  23. Re-conquer

  24. Reforms • Justinian declares he (the emperor) is in charge of the church • Reforms and strengthens the bureaucracy and tax collection

  25. Most Important Reform • Justinian Code • Reviews, revises, edits, and codifies 5,000 Roman laws • Explains how to use and interpret all the laws • Standard of law in continental Europe to this day

  26. E • Trade • Trade • Center of trade • Lots of trade • Trade

  27. E • Did I mention trade? • Economy centered around providing for Constantinople (and trade)

  28. S • The usual • Except! Women had more rights and freedom • Empress Theodora

  29. Objective #53 Byzantines and Russia

  30. Russians • Slavs + Vikings = Russians • Rest stops on trade network (/invasion routes) become cities • Connect Baltic and Black Seas

  31. Conversion • Byzantine missionaries want to convert the Russians to Christianity • Prince Vladimir converts everyone in Kiev in 989 • Hagia Sophia!

  32. Language • New alphabet: Cyrillic • Invented by Saint Cyril • Slavs had language, but not written

  33. Influence • Religion • Language • Art • Church design CULTURAL DIFFUSION

  34. Bye Bye, Byzantium

  35. Overexpansion • Just like the Romans! • Bankrupts the empire • New neighbors are enemies • Too large to control • Learn the lessons of history!

  36. Many Enemies • In the West • Many Germanic tribes, Slavs, and others attack parts of the Byzantine Empire • In the East • Persians and then Islamic empire attack Constantinople in 626, 674, 717

  37. AD 550

  38. AD 1050

  39. Schism • Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines • Fewer friends in the West if they need to call for help • No hope of reuniting Roman lands • Crusaders hurt Constantinople

  40. AD 1350

  41. More Enemies • Turks and Mongols invade from the East throughout the 13th and 14th centuries • Finally, the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople in 1453

  42. Constantinople falls: 1453 Know This Date!

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