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Bellringer

Learn about the major battles and events in the European Theatre during World War II from 1942-1945, including the Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of the Atlantic, Operation Overlord, and the dropping of the atomic bombs.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • SOL Challenge • Have out your timeline and map from last class! • Review Questions (we’ll do them together) • When did the Germans invade Poland? • What was the significance of the Battle of Britain? • What was Operation Barbarossa? • What was the significance of the bombing of Pearl Harbor? • BJOTD: What do you call Robin Hood’s mom?

  2. Agenda • SOL Challenge • Review • Notes • Timeline/Map • SOL Wrap-Up • Cake Project!

  3. World War II: 1942-1945

  4. European Theatre

  5. North Africa • After Pearl Harbor, Allies decide to open a 2nd front in Africa, not France against the Axis Powers • Angers Stalin • Nazis push the Allies back in August of 1942 • Battle of El-Alamein, 23 October – 5 November 1942 • Allied victory against Rommel’s Axis forces • Operation Torch • November 8th, 1942: Allied forces land behind Rommel’s troops and wipe out the AfrikaKorps • Allies led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower

  6. Battle of Stalingrad • Hitler wanted to control the industrial center at Stalingrad • Began August 23, 1942 • By early November, the Germans controlled 90% of the city • Soviets counterattack, cutting the Germans off from their supplies and starving them through the winter • February 2, 1943: 90,000 frostbitten and starved Germans out of the original 300,000 surrender to the Soviets

  7. Battle of the Atlantic • On-going from 1941-1943 • German U-boats vs. Allied shipping convoys • Goal for Germany: cut off Great Britain from its supplies • After 2 convoys are sunk, Allies respond by having planes fly escort for convoys • Allies win, but at a cost: • 3,500 merchant ships, 175 warships lost • Germans only lost 783 U-boats

  8. Operation Overlord • Plan: to invade Normandy, France from across the English Channel on June 6, 1944 (D-Day) • Largest land and sea attack in history • Commander: General Dwight Eisenhower • Allied forces landed on 5 different beaches along the coast of France • Utah, Juno, Sword, Gold, Omaha • Allies took heavy casualties (10,000), but held the beaches • This victory gave the Allies a base from which to continue marching towards Germany

  9. Battle of the Bulge • As the Allies moved in from France, the Soviets moved in from the East and the Germans were getting desperate • Hitler decided to counterattack in the West • December 16, 1944: Hitler sent his German tanks through a weak spot in the American defense in the Ardennes • Allies eventually pushed back and won, forcing the Germans into retreat

  10. Germany Surrenders Unconditionally • By late March of 1945: Allies crossed the Rhine River into Germany • By April 25, 1945: Soviets surrounded the capitalcity of Berlin from the East • Hitler committed suicide on May 1, 1945 • May 7, 1945: General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of Germany • Unconditional surrender: surrendering without making any demands or pleas • President Roosevelt had died on April 12; President Truman received the news of the surrender

  11. Pacific Theatre

  12. Battle of the Coral Sea • Fought in May, 1942 when an American fleet intercepted a Japanese strike force on its way to Australia • Both fleets of ships faced each other and fought without firing a single shot • Battle fought by air • Battle was a draw • Allies lost more ships than the Japanese, BUT • Allies STOPPED Japanese southward expansion

  13. Battle of Midway • Japan’s next target was the island of Midway • Americans had broken the Japanese intelligence code, and knew they were coming • June 4, 1942: Allies launched a surprise attack, destroying over 300 Japanese planes as they waited to take off from carriers • Battle ended by June 6, 1942 with a Japanese retreat • Marked the turning of the tide of the war in the Pacific

  14. Battle of Guadalcanal • Commander of the Pacific: General Douglas MacArthur • Strategy: to “island-hop” past the strong Japanese bases to get himself closer to Japan itself, then cut supply lines • Battle of Guadalcanal: August 7, 1942-February 1943 • Fight over the Soloman Islands in the Pacific • Japanese stayed until they lost 23,000 out of 36,000 men, then retreated from the islands

  15. The Dropping of the Atomic Bomb • Island-hopping continued through 1945 • Japanese lost the battle of Leyte Gulf and Iwo Jima • Next stop for the Allied forces: Japan • Truman had a choice: Invade Japan or Bomb Japan • Invading might cost .5 million Allied lives while atomic bombing would lose only Japanese lives • Truman decides to drop the bomb

  16. First Bomb: Little Boy • Dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945 • 73,000 perished in attack • Second Bomb: Fat Man • Dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945 • 37,500 died in attack

  17. Japan Surrenders • September 2, 1945: Japanese surrender to General Douglas MacArthur • WWII officially over

  18. Directions for Timeline • Place the events from today on the timeline given to you • Recommendation: put the events from Europe on one side, and from the Pacific on the other • Label the event, date it, and write 1 sentence with its importance/significance • If you finish early, have me check it, then try and place the events on the map from last class

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