TUNDRA

1. TUNDRA By Charlotte,Trinity, Jean Paul, and Spencer

2. Table Of Contents • Map of the Tundra page 3 • The Tundra page 4 • Animals of the Tundra pages 6-7 • Plants of the Tundra pages 8-9 • People of the Tundra pages 10-12

4. The Tundra is a bleak and treeless place. It is cold through all months of the year. Summer is a brief period of milder climate. In winter, the temperature can be -30 degrees F and in summer, it is only 37-50 degrees F. The precipitation is only 6 to 10 inches. It is the coldest of all the biomes. The arctic tundra is located at the top of the world near the north pole. There is also an alpine tundra. There is a layer of frozen soil called permafrost. The growing season is 50 to 60 days. There are low shrubs, sedges, reindeer mosses and grasses. There are 400 varieties of flowers, crustory and folise lichen. There is the polar bear, seal, the artic fox, the snowy owl and the arctic hare. The Tundra

5. This is a picture of the tundra in the morning.

6. Tundra Animals The tundra is a treeless place and it is very cold. In fact, it is the coldest place on the earth. There are mountains in the tundra. Goats and other animals can live there. The Tundra has many animals. They have water animals, land animals and mountain animals . Many animals live in the tundra like polar bears, caribou, and the arctic fox. Polar bears have warm fur to keep them warm and they also have blubber. When the polar bear goes swimming, it will be warm. The Artic Fox has warm fur and so does caribou. Polar bears are meat eaters. There sharp teeth help them eat. Polar bears eat fish, other polar bears, and other animals . An adult male polar bear can be very big they weigh about 351 to more than 544 kg . An adult female bear is smaller than a male polar bear. A female polar bear weighs 150 to 295 kg . The polar bears’ predators are whales, and maybe humans. The arctic fox are meat eaters. They have sharp teeth to help them eat. The artic fox eats birds, rodents, and fish. The artic fox weighs about 2 to 9 kg which is 5 to 20 lbs.

7. Polar bears have blubber to keep them warm when they swim in the icy cold water. Polar bears have sharp teeth to eat. Polar bears eat all kinds of fish .

8. Dwarf Willow A tundra has many plants and I have two for you today. The first one is the dwarf willow. The dwarf willow’s height is less than knee high. It has many colors like green or dark green. When it dies, it is an orangey color. It feeds many animals like caribou, elk, and deer. Its growing season is the hot season of June, July, and August. The adaptations of the dwarf willow is that it uses the sun to melt the cold water that is frozen. The soil is frozen, too, but the sun melts it, also. This is a picture is a Dwarf Willow.

9. Heath The second plant is heath. You may have heard about the Heath candy bar but no, it is a plant. Heath is a green plant. It is one foot and very soft. The heath provides food for many animals and nests for birds. The growing season is all year round. It either grows on rocks and dirt.

10. People of the Tundra Biome If you traveled back in time, you might find that the first people to live in the tundra were Native American Indians. Later, the Inuit, which is another word for Eskimos, lived there and some still do. People who live in the tundra are from the very high altitudes of the northern areas of Canada, Russia, Alaska, Norway, Iceland, and Greenland. The Tundra people had to make their homes out of snow and ice for the winter. The Inuit word for their home in the Tundra is ‘’ igloo. ‘’ The Tundra people can’t grow food where they live. It is too cold to grow food. So they usually eat meat from animals that are hunted. Since the Tundra is so cold, the Tundra people have to wear thick clothes. They usually wear animal skins.

11. How people affect this Biome More people have been moving there to work in the oil and mining industry. New towns and roads are being built to support the increased population. Developments have interrupted many of the animals migrations and feeding. It takes so long for the tundra to recover that the tire tracks and footprints remain on the ground for decades after they were made. People worry that the pollution from the rigs and mines may ruin the ecosystem. A caribou migration route was interrupted by construction of the Alaskan oil pipeline. In some places the pipeline has been raised high enough above the ground for the caribou to pass under it.

12. This is a artic-oil-rig-on-ice. This is what the people of the Tundra biome look like. This is a ko’kko’ylek.