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GC1 6101 Cognitive Science P130401

2. ???????(4/19). ?????(???????????)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(??)?(??!). 3. ??????(???). ????: ????????209 ???email, ?? Web ??? hiraga@slis.tsukuba.ac.jp http://www.slis.tsukuba.ac.jp/~hiraga/cogsci/???????: ??? 10:00~12:30??????????????

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GC1 6101 Cognitive Science P130401

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    1. GC1 6101 ???? (Cognitive Science) & ????????? P130401????? ?? ? · ????? (??????????)

    2. 2 ???????(4/19) ?????(???????????) ?????????? ???????·??? ???????????·??? ???????????????????? ???·????·?? ??????(??)?(??!)

    3. 3 ???·???(???) ????: ??? ?????·209 ??? email, ?? Web ??? hiraga@slis.tsukuba.ac.jp http://www.slis.tsukuba.ac.jp/~hiraga/cogsci/ ???????: ??? 10:00~12:30 ?????????????????? ?????????????

    4. 4 ???? 4? 19, 26? 5? 2(?), 10, 17, 24? 5? 31? 6? 7, 14, 21? ????: 6?28? ??·???????? (??)??????·???????? ?????????

    5. ???? ??????: ???? (GC1 6101) ???????????: ?????(P13 0401) ????? ??????(??·????????) ????(????????????) 5

    6. 6 ?????·??? ?????? .....? · ? · ?..... ?????????????? ???????????????????...... ???????????????????????????????????? ???·??????????????? ?????????????·??????? ???????????????????

    7. 7 ?????? ???????: ???? ????????????(???????)? Web ????????????? ????????????????????? ???? ???? ????(????????????????) ???? ???(??????·???) ?????(??·?????) http://www.slis.tsukuba.ac.jp/~hiraga/cogsci/

    8. 8 ??? ???????????? 1·2???? TWINS ??????? 3?????????? TWINS ????????????????????????????? ?????3???????·????·?????????? ?? ID ???????????????????????????????

    9. 9 ????????·??? ????????????? ?????(PowerPoint (PPT) ????????????????)??????????????????????????? ?????? Web ????????????????????????????URL ?? PPT ???????????????? (???????????????????)

    10. ???????? ??? PowerPoint ???????????Web ??????????????/?????????????????? PPT ???????? ???????? PDF ???? Web ??????????????????????????????????????? and/or ????????????? PPT ?????????????·?????????? ?????????????????????? 10

    11. 2???????(???:??) ?2?: ????????·?? ?3?: ??? ?4?: ???·????? ?5?: ????(1) ?6?: ????(2)?(???)? ????(??????) (??)?7~10?: ???(??) 11

    12. 12 ???????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????·??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????

    13. 13 ????(Cognitive Science)?? ???????(mind) ??????????·???·??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????: ???(?)????

    14. 14 ??????(2) ?????????????????????????????????????????? (cf ???????) What‘s in a name? That which we call a rose   By any other name would smell as sweet; ... Cognitive Science ????? 1973 ?? Christopher Longuet-Higgins ???(???)? (Wikipedia ???) ??????????(??????...)? ??????

    15. 15 ??????(3) ????? ?? (cognition, cognitive) ? (mind) ??? (interdisciplinary)

    16. ?????: ??????? ??????????????????? ???????(?)????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????… ??(??????)??????????????????? … ?? 16

    17. 17 ??????(1) ??? Cognitive Science ? Cognitive, Cognition cf. recognition, recognize http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science ?????????????(??)? ????????????? http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/?? ???: ?????????????????????......

    18. 18 (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary) Cognition [noun [U]] (Psychology) The process by which knowledge and understanding is developed in the mind. Child studies centring on theories of cognition. Cognitive [adj.] Connected with mental processes of understanding.

    19. 19 (Wiki: ???? http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/??) ???·???·???·????·??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????.???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(???????????????????????)????????????????????????·????????????????? ???????????(???)???????????????????????????????????????????????????(??779?)????????????????????????????????????????(???????)? ?????????????????

    20. 20 (???) ??? ????(?)?? (1)???????????????? ???????? (2)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (3)????cognition??????????????????????????????????????·??·???????????????????????????????

    21. 21 (???) ???? ????(?)?? (1)?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????? (2)????? cognition; (???) Erkenntnis???(??)???(??·??)????????????????????????????·??·??·??????????????

    22. 22 ????????????(2) ????: ???? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????(??·??·????)????????????·???·??·??? ? ?????? (paradigm)?(cf. Kuhn)

    23. 23 ??????(3) ????????: 1950 ???? ??:??????(??????)?????? ?????: ???=??????????? ?????: ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????(?????)? ??????????????????????

    24. 24 ??????(4) ?????? ???? ???????????·????????? “Sapir-Whorf ??” ???? ????????????????? ???? (cf. L. Wittgenstein) “If a lion could talk, we won’t understand him.” ETI (? Extraterrestrial Intelligence)

    25. 25 ??????(5):???????? ??(??????·??) ???????????? ?????????(qualia)???? (identity) ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????????????

    26. 26 ??????(6) ??????????????? ? ??????????????(????) ? ?????????????? (??·????????...) ? ??????????? (????????...) ??: ???? (Cognitive Engineering) ???????????? (HMI)

    27. 27 ?(Mind) ???? mind ??????????? ???? (philosophy of mind) ???? (theory of mind) ?????? (“society of mind”) ???????? mind ??????????????(?????????????????????)??????

    28. 28 ???????...??? ???????????·???????? ???????????????????(??????????)?????????????? ?????????????????????(??????????????)???????????????????(???)????????? ?????????????1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????(=??????)???????????????·???????????????

    29. 29 ????(1) ????·?????????????????????????????????·?????????? ????? ???????? ???????·????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????(??????????????????????????????)

    30. 30 ????(2) ??????(??????????)????????????(??????????)????? ????????????? ?????? http://www.scj.go.jp/ ?????????? ????????·??????????? http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/ ??????????·??·??

    31. 31 ??????? http://www.jcss.gr.jp/ ??: 1983 ? ??? ?????????(1988-1993) ??????(???) (1994-) ?????????? ?? ????(?1?)?????????

    32. 32 ??????? (Web page ??) ???????(Japanese Cognitive Science Society)????????????????????????????????1983??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????(???)

    33. 33 Cognitive Science Society http://cognitivesciencesociety.org/ ??: 1979 ? ???(???) Journal of Cognitive Science (1976 ??) ?? ?1??????????(??)?

    34. 34 Cognitive Science Society (top page) The Cognitive Science Society, Inc. brings together researchers from many fields who hold a common goal: understanding the nature of the human mind. The Society promotes scientific interchange among researchers in disciplines comprising the field of Cognitive Science, including Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Anthropology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Education.

    35. 35 ?????????·?? (???????) Wiki (???)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cognitive-science/ Encyclopedia.com (< Concise Britannica) http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-361093.html

    36. 36 (???) ???-??? ???? ?????? ???????????????-??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????·?????·???·???·?????????????????????? ???-????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    37. 37 (http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-361093.html) cognitive science (From: Britannica Concise Encyclopedia | Date: 2007 |) Interdisciplinary study that attempts to explain the cognitive processes of humans and some higher animals in terms of the manipulation of symbols using computational rules. The field draws particularly on the disciplines of artificial intelligence, psychology (cognitive psychology), linguistics, neuroscience, and philosophy. Some chief areas of research in cognitive science have been vision, thinking and reasoning, memory, attention, learning, and language processing. Early theories of cognitive function attempted to explain the evident compositionality of human thought (thoughts are built up of smaller units put together in a certain way), as well as its productivity (the process of putting together a thought from smaller units can be repeated indefinitely to produce an infinite number of new thoughts), by assuming the existence of discrete mental representations that can be put together or taken apart according to rules that are sensitive to the representations' syntactic, or structural, properties. This “language of thought” hypothesis was later challenged by an approach, variously referred to as connectionism, parallel-distributed processing, or neural-network modeling, according to which cognitive processes (such as pattern recognition) consist of adjustments in the activation strengths of neuronlike processing units arranged in a network.

    38. 38 (http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-361093.html) Cognitive science (From: Britannica Concise Encyclopedia | Date: 2007 |) Interdisciplinary study that attempts to explain the cognitive processes of humans and some higher animals in terms of the manipulation of symbols using computational rules. The field draws particularly on the disciplines of artificial intelligence, psychology (cognitive psychology), linguistics, neuroscience, and philosophy. Some chief areas of research in cognitive science have been vision, thinking and reasoning, memory, attention, learning, and language processing.

    39. 39 ???????(1) ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????(????)??(???)? ...?????????????????·???????????·???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?:?????????????????????????????? ?:???????????????????????????·????

    40. 40 ???????(2) ??????????·?? ???(?????) ????·????????(????) ?? ??? ???·???? ????? ??? ??? ??(????)??????? ···

    41. 41 ???????(3) ????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?? Wittgenstein: “If a lion could talk, we won’t understand him.” ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????(????????????????)? ??·?????????????????????

    42. 42 ????????(??) ?????????(???)??????????????????? ????????·???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????(??????)??????????

    43. 43 ??????? (???????) ???? (1950 ????) ?????? (1950 ????? 56-58?) ??·??? (1960-70 ??) ??·??? (1980 ????) ??·??????????? (1990 ????) ???????

    44. 44 ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????=????????????????????? 17 ?????????????????????????? ???·(??)???????????????????????????19????????? 20 ????????????????????????????????????????????2??????????????

    45. 45 ??????? 1950 ??????????????????? ??????? (1956) ?????????????? (1957-) G.A. Miller ? “Magical Number Seven ...” ??? (1956): ?????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????? (1940-50 ??) ???????????(?????????) Levi-Strauss ????????(1940-50??) ??

    46. 46 ?????? ??????·??·??????????????????? 1990 ?????????????????·?????????????????????WWW ?????????????????????????????????????????

    47. 47 ???·???? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????·??·Web ?????(??????)???? ? ???????????!! ???????????????? (TULIPS ????????)

    48. 48 ??·??·???????(1) ????????(???? 2002) http://www.kyoritsu-pub.co.jp/shinkan/shin0207_06.html ??????????(???? 2004) http://www.kyoritsu-pub.co.jp/shinkan/shin0407_05.html ??????????. ????? [??] ?/?????????. ????, 1992. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=3470 Wiley Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, 4 vol. http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470016191.html

    49. 49 ??·??·???????(2) ???????. Stuart C. Shapiro, David Eckroth [?]/???????. ??, 1991. ??????????, ?1-4?. (????:????, ?????) Avron Barr, Edward A. Feigenbaum?, 1983. Avron Barr, Edward A. Feigenbaum?, 1983. Paul R. Cohen, Edward A. Feigenbaum?, 1984. Avron Barr, Paul R. Cohen, Edward A. Feigenbaum?, 1993. ??????????. ???????. ????, 1990

    50. 50 ??·???? ????????(?9?) ???????????(?24?) ??12????????????????? 2007 ??? ?????????(????)(?11?) ?????? Cognitive science & information processing (12 + 3 ?)

    51. 51 ???(1) ???????(???????? 1) ????, ?????, ??????, ????, ????, ????, ????, 1995. The Mind's new science : a history of the cognitive revolution. Howard Gardner. Basic Books, 1985. ???? : ??????????. ???, ??????, ????, 1987.

    52. 52 ???(2) Mind : introduction to cognitive science. Paul Thagard. MIT Press, 1996. ???? : ??????. ?????, ????, 1999. Understanding computers and cognition : a new foundation for design Terry Winograd, Fernando Flores. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1987. ?????????????? : ???????????????. ???·???????, ??????·??????/????. ????, 1989.

    53. ???(3) ?????????? : ?????=???????????. ?????·?????=?????/???? [??] ?. ???, 1989. ?????? : ?????????????. ???? [??] ??. ??????, 1986 (Cognitive science & information processing:1). ?????????? : ????????????. D.A.?????/?????. ???, 1990 (?????????). 53

    54. ???(4) ?????????? : ??????????. P.???????/?????. ???, 1983. ??????? I, II?M. ?????/????. ?????? ?????? : ??????????. ???·???????/???. ?????, 1997. 54

    55. 55 ???? (??????????????????) ???????? http://cogpsy.jp/ ?????? http://www.psych.or.jp/ ???????? http://homepage2.nifty.com/jcla/ ???????? http://www.ieice.org/jpn/index.html ?????? http://www.ipsj.or.jp/ ?????? http://www.ai-gakkai.or.jp/jsai/

    56. 56 ????? Artificial Intelligence Review Behavioral and Brain Sciences Behavioural Processes Brain and Cognition Cognition Cognitive Linguistics Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Systems Research Consciousness and Cognition

    57. 57 ??! ?????(??) ?????????????????????????? Web ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????: ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????

    58. 58 ?????(?) ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????

    59. 59 ?????(?) ?????????????Web ???????????????????????????? ?????: ?????????? ?????: ????????? ????????? (??????????1, 1995)?1·2?

    60. 60 ?????(??) Web ????????????????????????????????????????????????? (?????????????????????) ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????

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