2/19 Focus:

1. 2/19 Focus: • During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China was unified, government was efficient, and society was stable • Do Now: • What did the Mandate of Heaven explain?

2. Chinese Empires The Tang and Song Dynasties

3. The Han Dynasty • Had ruled China from 206 BC-220 AD • Dynasty collapsed and military leaders divided China into rival kingdoms

4. The Period of Disunion • Disorder and warfare in China • Nomads invade Northern China and form their own kingdoms • Some adopted parts of Chinese culture • Many Chinese in North fled to the South • Culture of North and South blended • Flowering in the arts and philosophy occurs

5. The Sui Dynasty • Northern ruler Wendi unites China in 589 • Ended period of disunion • Worked to centralize government • Restored legal codes

6. The Sui Dynasty • Built the Grand Canal • Connected northern and southern China • Increased trade • Allowed food from farms in the south to be sent to cities in the north • Forced millions of peasants to work on canal • Many workers died • Forced labor on public works projects angered peasants

8. The Sui Dynasty • Discontent with Sui rulers led to the decline of the dynasty in 618 • Wendi’s son Emperor Yang Di is assassinated

9. The Tang Dynasty • Tang ruled China from 618-907 AD • Started by Tang Taizong in 618 • Extended the empire into Tibet, Manchuria, Korea, and Vietnam • Tributary states • Were independent but had to send tribute to China

10. The Tang Dynasty • Expansion and contact with Japan led to increased foreign trade and economic prosperity

11. Tang Government • Established a strong central government • Government workers were required to pass civil service exams • Schools were built to prepare civil service workers • Established a flexible legal code • Ideals of Confucianism reflected in government

12. The Age of Buddhism • Buddhism had grown during the period of disunion • Early Tang rulers supported Buddhism in China • Constructed Buddhist temples • Buddhist missionaries spread Buddhism across Asia

14. The Age of Buddhism • Later Tang rulers saw Buddhism as a threat and began to attack it • Burned Buddhist texts and destroyed temples • Weakened Buddhism in China but it would survive • Blended with Taoism and Confucianism

15. Closure • What was the impact of the construction of the Grand Canal on China? • How did the Tang create an efficient government?

16. 2/20 Focus: • During the Tang and Song Dynasties, farming and trade flourished • China made great advances in art, literature, architecture, and technology under the rule of the Tang and Song • Do Now: • What Chinese philosophy was reflected in the Tang government?

17. Tang Land Reforms • Land was taken from large landowners and redistributed to the peasants • Landowners had less power • increased revenues to the government from taxes on peasants

18. Decline of Tang Dynasty • Reasons for decline in the late 750’s • Military defeats in central Asia • Tax revolts by peasants • Nomadic invasions

19. The Song Dynasty • China entered into a period of disorder after the collapse of the Tang • Lasted for 53 years • “The Period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms” • The Song Dynasty reunited China in 960 AD. • Ruled for 3OO years

20. Tang and Song Social Order • Established a strict social order • Gentry • Wealthy landowners • Some become civil servants • Peasants • farmers • Merchants

23. Status of Women Under the Tang and Song • Women were considered inferior to men • Foot binding • Goal was to create small feet (“lotus”) by restricting the growth of the foot • 3-4 inches long • Done between ages 3 -11

26. Tang and Song Achievements • Expanded Trade • Traded with India, Persia, and the Middle East along the silk road • Became expert shipbuilders and became a naval power • The Chinese Junk

27. Tang and Song Achievements • Made improvements in farming which increased food productive • Fast ripening rice could be harvested 2-3 times a year • New methods of farming • Lead to population increases and increased trade

29. Tang and Song Golden Age • China entered a golden age during both the Tang and Song dynasties

30. Tang and Song Golden Age • Architecture • Pagodas

31. Tang and Song Golden Age • Art • Landscape painting • use of calligraphy • Artistic handwriting

32. Tang and Song Golden Age • Technological Innovations • Moveable type and block printing • Paper Money • Porcelain • Gunpowder • Magnetic Compass

34. Closure • What was the impact of improved farming techniques on China? • Identify two advances that were made during the Tang and Song golden age