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Compromises Fail: Violence Erupts in Kansas Territory

Efforts at compromise fail, leading to violent fighting in Kansas Territory. Outrage in the North as Southerners support the Fugitive Slave Act. Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin fuels opposition to slavery. Franklin Pierce's presidency receives mixed reviews. Stephen Douglas pushes for the Kansas-Nebraska Act and "popular sovereignty." Bleeding Kansas and the brutal murder at Pottawatomie Creek. Violence reaches the U.S. Senate with the attack on Charles Sumner.

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Compromises Fail: Violence Erupts in Kansas Territory

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  1. Chapter 10, Section 2 Compromises Fail Part 2p. 364-367 When all efforts at compromise fail, violent fighting breaks out in the Kansas Territory.

  2. Outrage in the North! • Southerners LOVE the Fugitive Slave Act. • Suspected runaway slaves can be arrested. • The accused have NO right to trial. • Only need word of 1 white person for arrest. • Northerners are required to help capture runaways. • Many northerners are outraged by this law. • Many free African-Americans are sent South & forced into slavery. • Northern cities band together to resist the Fugitive Slave Act - More northerners become convinced slavery is EVIL. - The opposite of what John C. Calhoun wanted….. Warning Poster for African-Americans in 1851

  3. Reaction to the Comp. of 1850 • How did America react? • It definitely created more abolitionists….

  4. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Main Idea: Anger over the Fugitive Slave Act leads Harriet Beecher Stowe to write the antislavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. • World-wide best selling novel, by abolitionist, Harriet Beecher Stowe, in 1852 - Writing book is inspired by the Fugitive Slave Act • Stowe is the daughter of an abolitionist minister • She witnesses cruel treatment of slaves in Kentucky, first-hand • Novel makes 1000s of people question the ethics of slavery • Considered propaganda (false or misleading information) in the South • Banned in many Southern states • Play Video Harriet Beecher Stowe

  5. Franklin Pierce • Pierce easily wins Election of 1852 – (Americans are unhappy with Fillmore) • When “Handsome Frank” is elected everyone likes him… • By the time he’s done being president, nearly everyone will hate him. • Tragic death of his only son in a train wreck weakens Pierce’s Presidency • Senator Stephen Douglas bullies Pierce into signing the Kansas-Nebraska Act - Pierce also considers taking over Cuba (T.E. p. 365) #14: Democrat, Franklin “Handsome Frank” Pierce

  6. Stephen Douglas: The Little Giant • “Small in stature, giant in oratory” • Wants to see Kansas-Nebraska Territories developed • Railroad to be built through Illinois to the new territories (for Douglas’ personal profit) • Needs support from Southern Senators to get funding for railroad…. - How to get southern support? • Kansas-Nebraska Act: Douglasthinks this will “forever banish the question of slavery from the halls of Congress” - Not quite…. “The Little Giant”

  7. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Main Idea: The Kansas-Nebraska Act allows settlers in the territories to decide whether their territory will allow slavery. • Law proposed by Stephen Douglas, U.S. Senator from Illinois. • Proposes the idea of “popular sovereignty.” • the idea that people living in the territories could decide for themselves if their state would allow slavery. • Overturns the Missouri Compromise (of 1820) and leads to…

  8. Bleeding Kansas Main Idea:Kansas suffers widespread violence as proslavery and antislavery settlers battle for control. Question: Who were the first American settlers in Kansas? • Proslavery supporters from Missouri come to Kansas to illegally vote for a proslavery government. - Violence breaks out between pro and anti-slavery parties. • This will last for several years. • And bring Abraham Lincoln back into politics • 1856: In retaliation for burning down the anti-slavery town of Lawrence, John Brown & his followers brutally murder five men & boys at Pottawatomie Creek. more on Brown in 10.3… Violence breaks out in Kansas. John Brown

  9. Bloodshed in the U.S. Senate • 1856: Senator Charles Sumner, an abolitionist from Massachusetts severely criticizes Southern senators for their proslavery stand. • Including Senator Andrew Butler of South Carolina • Congressman Preston Brooks (Butler’s nephew, also from S.C.) savagely beats Sumner on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner with his cane on the floor of the U.S. Senate

  10. Why violence was common in the House of Representatives: The “Old” House Chamber U.S. Capital Building, Washington D.C. - Photos taken April, 2011

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