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Territorial Morphology

Territorial Morphology. Human Geography Mrs. Vazquez. What is human territoriality?. Human territoriality is the attempt to control what goes on in a specific geographic area

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Territorial Morphology

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  1. Territorial Morphology Human Geography Mrs. Vazquez

  2. What is human territoriality? • Human territoriality is the attempt to control what goes on in a specific geographic area • A country’s sense of property and attachment toward its territory, expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and defended

  3. What does sovereignty mean? • Sovereignty is the final authority over a territory’s political and military affairs. • Authority to rule

  4. Territorial morphology refers to… • Territorial morphology refers to the size, shape and relative location of a state (country) • This affects the potential for communications and conflict with neighbors • Morphology means “the form and structure of an organism or one of its parts”

  5. Territorial Morphology(shape)5 basic shapes: • Compact (Uruguay, Zimbabwe, Poland) • Prorupt-Protruded (extension out) usually for access to river or ocean Thailand,Myanmar, Namibia, India(not the usual poster boy) • Elongated (Chile) Vietnam • Fragmented (difficult to defend; Philippines, Indonesia, Sweden • Perforated (country that surrounds another) South Africa

  6. Compact States • Distance to center to any boundary does not vary significantly. • Ideally, a circle • Beneficial for most smaller states because communication is easier • Just as likely to experience civil war and ethnic conflict • Belgium • Easier to defend than states of other shapes. • Examples: Poland, Kenya Sierra Leone Rwanda Burundi Swaziland Lesotho

  7. Fragmented States • Includes several discontinuous pieces of territory • 1)fragmented by water (Fiji, Indonesia) • 2)fragmented by other states • Russia (Kaliningrad), US (Alaska) Seychelles Cape Verde Islands Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe

  8. Elongated States • States with a long and narrow shape • Suffer from poor internal communications • Isolation of one region from capital • Examples: Italy, Chile, Malawi Togo Malawi

  9. Protruded/Prorupt States • Otherwise compact state • with a large projecting • extension • Created for access to • a resource, such as water • Or, created for separation • of two states that would • otherwise share a boundary • The projecting territory of • Democratic Republic of Congo was made by the Belgians to give the state, then a colony of Belgium, access to the Atlantic Ocean Example: Democratic Republic of Congo, Thailand Somalia Zaire

  10. Perforated States • A state that completely surrounds another state • South Africa/Lesotho South Africa

  11. B E A D C

  12. Boundaries… • a vertical plane that cuts through the subsoil & airspace (even outer space) • transcend soil, water, air • mark the limits of state jurisdiction

  13. Boundaries • differ in morphological terms • Geometric: straight line boundaries • physical-political or natural-political: rivers or mountains • Cultural: political-ethnically based

  14. Boundary Types 1. Physical: mountains, rivers, lakes Rio Grande US /Mexico Pyrenees Mountains bw/ Spain and France Other examples? • Geometric: lines of latitude/longitude North Korea and South Korea -38th parallel .

  15. 3. Cultural: separated by language/religion • India & Pakistan

  16. Boundary Origins 1. Antecedent: border before populated boundary that was created before the present day cultural landscape developed Ex: U.S. 2. Subsequent: border drawn after 2 types: • Consequent (Ireland & N. Ireland) • Superimposed (British India, Africa after the scramble)

  17. Consequent • Ireland & N. Ireland

  18. 3. Relict/relic Boundary: historical boundary, no longer valid. Great wall of China, Berlin Wall

  19. Boundaries • are often a source of dispute

  20. Boundaries • are defined, delimited, and then demarcated • Defined:legal document drawn up • Delimited:boundary put on a map • Demarcated:boundary marked on the ground

  21. Types of Boundary Disputes 1. Locational: over border 2. Functional/operational: over policies (immigration) • Resource /Allocational Over oil or natural gas 4.Territorial - irredentism

  22. Definitional Boundary Disputes • legal language in dispute

  23. Locational Boundary Disputes • interpretation in dispute

  24. Operational Boundary Disputes • functions of boundary in dispute

  25. Allocational Boundary Disputes • dispute over resources

  26. Exclave and Enclave • Small outliers of territory which are separated from the rest of the territory by another state • The separated territory is referred to as an exclave of the country it is associated with • If the piece of territory lies within another country, it is known as an enclave of the surrounding country

  27. Naxcivan is an exclave of Azerbaijan

  28. This is an enclave of Azerbaijan and an exclave of Armenia

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