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Class Aves

Class Aves. BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson. Class Aves. Feathers No teeth Flexible long neck One occipital condyle Scales on legs Bones with air spaces Endothermic Four chambered heart. Adaptations for Flight. Honey combed bones Air cavities Less weight.

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Class Aves

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  1. Class Aves BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Class Aves • Feathers • No teeth • Flexible long neck • One occipital condyle • Scales on legs • Bones with air spaces • Endothermic • Four chambered heart

  3. Adaptations for Flight • Honey combed bones • Air cavities • Less weight

  4. Light Weight Skeleton • Frigate bird • 7 foot wing span • 4 ounce skeleton

  5. Adaptations for Flight • Enlarged sternum • Flight muscle attachment • Long neck • balance

  6. 11-25 Cervical Vertebrae

  7. Pygostyle

  8. Skull • Most bones fused • Much lighter than reptile or mammal skull

  9. Adaptations for Flight • Wing • lift

  10. Adaptations for Flight • Feathers • Light weight • Strong

  11. Adaptations for Flight • Reduce body weight • No teeth • No urinary bladder • No penis • Only one ovary

  12. Migration • Sissor-tailed flycatchar • Migates to Central and South America in October • Returns in April

  13. Migration • Arctic tern • Migrates 25,000 miles!

  14. Beak Adaptations • Ripping flesh

  15. Beak Adaptations • Eating seeds

  16. Beak Adaptations • Sucking nectar from flowers

  17. Beak Adaptations • Drilling wood

  18. Beak Adaptations • Catching fish

  19. Beak Adaptations • Basket-like bill to hold fish caught under water

  20. Beak Adaptations • Filtering

  21. Digestive System • Crop • Storage • Proventriculus • Enzymes • Gizzard • Grind food • Cloaca • Waste • Reproduction

  22. Vision • Up to 8 times keener than human vision • Each eye moves indendtantly

  23. Respiratory System • Nine air sacs • Connect to lungs and centers of bones • Cools the bird • Fresh air always moving • No dead ends as in mammals • Each wing beat moves air • Never run out of air

  24. Benefits of Birds to Man • Eat insects, rodents and weeds • Spread seeds for flowers and trees • Food • Sport • Pets

  25. Fastest Animal • Peregrine falcon • Strikes prey at 180 mph

  26. Elephant Bird • Eleven feet tall • 1100 pounds • Largest egg ever • Extinct in late 1600’s

  27. Giant Moa • New Zealand • Hunted to extinction about 1600

  28. Hummingbirds • Fly up, down, left, right, backwards and upside down • Wings beat 50 -200 times per second • Heart rate =600 bpm • Eat 2/3 body weight each day • Nectar, pollen & insects

  29. Chicks • Altricial • No feathers • Cannot walk or see • Cannot feed themselves Precocial • Down feathers • Can walk and see • Can feed themselves

  30. Caudipteryx • Feathered dinosaur • Flightless • Transitional fossil • Dinosaur arms • Dinosaur teeth • Only front of upper jaw • Bird feathers

  31. Archaeopteryx • 147 MYA • Transitional fossil • Characteristics of reptiles • Characteristics of birds

  32. Archeopteryx • Reptile characteristics • Teeth • Boney tail • Fingers with claws • Bird characteristics • Feathers • Furcula

  33. Click Image for Movie

  34. Evolution of FlightRunning Hypothesis

  35. Microraptor gui

  36. Evolution of FlightGliding Hypothesis

  37. Sexual Selection

  38. Bird Classification • 28 orders • 9600 species

  39. Order Struthioniformes • Large flightless bird • Two toes

  40. Order Pelecaniformes • Gular sac

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