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Class Aves

Class Aves. Feathers No teeth Flexible long neck One occipital condyle Scales on legs Bones with air spaces Endothermic Four chambered heart. Bird Classification. 28 orders 9600 species. 1) Subclass Archaeornithes - Old birds Ancestral birds; Extinct; (Jurassic Fossils)

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Class Aves

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  1. Class Aves • Feathers • No teeth • Flexible long neck • One occipital condyle • Scales on legs • Bones with air spaces • Endothermic • Four chambered heart

  2. Bird Classification • 28 orders • 9600 species

  3. 1) Subclass Archaeornithes- Old birds Ancestral birds; Extinct; (Jurassic Fossils) 2) Subclass Neornithes- New birds i) SuperorderOdontognathae- Toothed birds; Extinct; (Cretaceous Fossils) ii) SuperorderPaleognathae- "Ancient Jaw" Modern birds with a primitive palate 5 Orders iii) SuperorderNeognathae- "New Jaw" Modern birds with a modern (flexible) palate 25 Orders

  4. Subclass Archaeornithes • Old birds • Ancestral birds; Extinct; (Jurassic Fossils) • Archaeopteryx

  5. Archaeopteryx • Oldest known fossils from late Jurassic period • Bird Characteristics: feathers, hollow bones and furcula (wishbone that stabilized shoulder joint for flight) • Dinosaur Characteristics: teeth, claws on forelimbs and long, bony tail

  6. SuperorderPaleognathae a) Reduced keel Order TINAMIFORMES Tinamous b) No keel & flightless (Ratites) Order STRUTHIONIFORMES Ostrich Order RHEIFORMES Rheas Order CASUARIIFORMES Emu & Cassowaries Order DINORNITHIFORMES extinct Order APTERYGIFORMES Kiwis

  7. Order Struthioniformes • Large flightless bird • Two toes

  8. iii) SuperorderNeognathae - "New Jaw” GALLIFORMES Gallinaceous birds 290 species ANSERIFORMES Waterfowl & Screamers 162 species SPHENISCIFORMES Penguins 17 species GAVIIFORMES Loons 5 species PROCELLARIIFORMES Tubenoses 112 species PODICIPEDIFORMES Grebes 22 species PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Flamingoes 5 species CICONIIFORMES Storks, Herons, Ibises 116 species PELECANIFORMES Full-webbed Swimmers 65 species FALCONIFORMES Diurnal birds of prey 304 species GRUIFORMES Cranes, rails, & allies 212 species CHARADRIIFORMES Shorebirds, gulls, & allies 367 species

  9. COLUMBIFORMES Pigeons & doves 308 species PSITTACIFORMES Parrots 364 species OPISTHOCOMIFORMES Hoatzin 1 species MUSOPHAGIFORMES Turacos23 species CUCULIFORMES Cuckoos 138 species STRIGIFORMES Owls 180 species CAPRIMULGIFORMES Nightjars & allies 118 species APODIFORMES Swifts & hummingbirds 429 species COLIIFORMESMousebirds6 species TROGONIFORMES Trogons 39 species CORACIIFORMES Kingfishers, & allies 209 species PICIFORMES Woodpeckers, & allies 398 species PASSERIFORMES Perching birds 5753 species

  10. ORDER SPHENISCIFORMES • Heavy body • Flightless • Flipperlike wings for swimming • Well-insulated with fat • Example: penguins

  11. Order Pelecaniformes • Gular sac

  12. Order Ciconiiformes • Long legs for wading • Long necks

  13. Order Anseriformes • Flat bill • Webbed feet

  14. Order Falconiformes • Hooked bill • Talons • Eagle • Hawk • Falcon

  15. Order Passeriformes • Perching foot • Songbirds • 5000 species • Mocking bird • Thrushes • Swallows • Magpie • Crow • Starling • Jays

  16. Order Columbiformes • Short neck • Short legs • Pigeons • Doves

  17. Order Strigiformes • Large eyes • Silent flight • Nocturnal predator • Owls

  18. Order Apodiformes • Small bird • Rapid wingbeat • Hummingbirds

  19. Order Galliformes • Chicken like • Strong beaks • Heavy feet • Chicken • Turkey • Pheasants • Quail

  20. Order Charadriiformes • Short bill • Strong fliers • Shorebirds • Gulls

  21. Order Psittaciformes • Thick tongue • Hinged and movable upper beak • Bright colors • Parrots • Parakeets

  22. Adaptations for Flight • Honey combed bones • Air cavities • Less weight Copy me

  23. Adaptations for Flight • Enlarged sternum • Flight muscle attachment • Long neck • balance Copy me

  24. Adaptations for Flight • Wing • lift Copy me

  25. Adaptations for Flight • Feathers • Light weight • Strong Copy me

  26. Adaptations for Flight • Reduce body weight • No teeth • No urinary bladder

  27. Digestive System • Crop • Storage • Proventriculus • Enzymes • Gizzard • Grind food • Cloaca • Waste • Reproduction

  28. Vision • Up to 8 times keener than human vision • Each eye moves indendtantly

  29. Respiratory System • Nine air sacs • Connect to lungs and centers of bones • Cools the bird • Fresh air always moving

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