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Early African Kingdoms & Empires

Early African Kingdoms & Empires. East African Kingdoms. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]. Trading Kingdoms of East Africa. Axum (900 BC – 600 AD) A. Axum had two great cities – Adulis and Axum B. The kingdom of Axum controlled a very important trade route Africa – India – Mediterranean

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Early African Kingdoms & Empires

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  1. Early African Kingdoms & Empires

  2. East African Kingdoms

  3. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]

  4. Trading Kingdoms of East Africa • Axum (900 BC – 600 AD) • A. Axum had two great cities – Adulis and Axum • B. The kingdom of Axum controlled a very important trade route • Africa – India – Mediterranean • C. Goods from Africa were transported through Axum • ivory, hides, rhinoceros horn, gold • D. In Axum there were traders from Europe, India, the Middle Eastand Africa • E. Religion: Axum was dominated by Christians. When Islam began to spread • in the 600’s, Axum began to fade in importance. Christianity was, • and still is an important part of East African culture, particularly in Ethiopia

  5. Stele, Ezana’s Royal Tomb,Aksum (4c)

  6. Christian Church, Lalibela[Ethiopia] Coptic Christian Priest

  7. AXUM’SACHIEVEMENTS Built Stelae Controlled NE African Trade Written Language Terrace Farming Spread Christianity in No. & E. Africa

  8. West African Empires & Civilizations

  9. Gold-Salt Trade Berbers SALT GOLD

  10. Ghana: land of gold • Centered on the trade routes of gold and salt • Women had high status – participated openly in government • Islam spread through the trade routes • Diffusion: introduced language, architecture and ideas about government • Almoravids: invaded Ghana in 1050

  11. Ghana Empire [4c-11c] Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast

  12. Mali: “where the king dwells” • Founder: Sundiata (1250) • Rulers in Mali called: mansa • Grew wealthy on trade routes for salt and gold in West Africa • Greatest emperor: Mansa Musa (1312)

  13. Sundiata [1210-1260] “Lion Prince”

  14. Mansa Musa • Famous for his: Hajj in 1324 • Travelled across: Africa and the Sahara desert • Results: 1. word of the wealth of Mali spread 2. European travellers began to travel to Mali

  15. Mansa Musa [r. 1312-1337]

  16. European Map

  17. Mali Empire [13c-15c] SALT GOLD

  18. Salt

  19. Songhai – largest West African State • Capital city: Gao • Founder: Sonni Ali • Great Ruler: AskiaMuhammed • Established a bureaucracy • Built mosques and schools • City: Timbuktu • A center of learning • The king paid scholars, doctors and judges to live and work in Timbuktu

  20. Sunni Ali [r.1464-1492]

  21. Askia Mohammed [r.1493-1529]

  22. Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

  23. Timbuktu Rooftop, Mosque

  24. Tuaregs

  25. Marketplace near the Niger River

  26. Mosque in Gao

  27. Great Mosque at Djenne, Mali

  28. Distant Mosque at Djenne, Mali

  29. Songhai Empire [15c-16c] SALT GOLD

  30. Askia Mohammed’s Tomb [1443-1538] Gao, Mali

  31. Benin Empire [15c-19c]

  32. Bronze Heads from Benin (16c)

  33. Benin Bronze Leopard

  34. Migrations Into & Within Africa

  35. What are some reasons why humans migrate?

  36. Bantu Migrations: 1000 BCE To 500 CE

  37. Islamic Invasions

  38. Eastern City-States

  39. African Trade Routes

  40. Swahili-Speaking Areas of E. Africa SWAHILI [“the coast’] = Bantu + some Arabic

  41. Arab Dow off the coast of Zanzibar

  42. Southern African Kingdoms

  43. Great Zimbabwe [1200-1450] “Zimbabwe” = “stone enclosure”

  44. Great Zimbabwe Street

  45. Great Enclosure, Zimbabwe

  46. Manamotopa Empire [1450-1630]

  47. Africa during the Age of European Exploration

  48. Overland & Sea Trade Routes by 16c

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