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Early African Kingdoms

Early African Kingdoms. Themes of Africa. Settlement, Migration, Colonization. Settlements. Why here?. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]. Gold-Salt Trade. Berbers. SALT. GOLD. Ghana Empire [4c-11c]. Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast. Salt. Mali Empire [13c-15c]. SALT. GOLD. Why here?.

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Early African Kingdoms

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  1. Early African Kingdoms

  2. Themes of Africa Settlement, Migration, Colonization

  3. Settlements

  4. Why here?

  5. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]

  6. Gold-Salt Trade Berbers SALT GOLD

  7. Ghana Empire [4c-11c] Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast

  8. Salt

  9. Mali Empire [13c-15c] SALT GOLD Why here?

  10. Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

  11. Marketplace near the Niger River

  12. Songhai Empire [15c-16c] SALT GOLD

  13. Benin Empire [15c-19c]

  14. Bronze Heads from Benin (16c)

  15. Benin Bronze Leopard

  16. Migration

  17. What are some reasons why humans migrate?

  18. Economic Social Political Nature (resources)

  19. Bantu Migrations: 1000 BCE To 500 CE

  20. Islamic Invasions

  21. Colonization

  22. African Trade [15c-17c]

  23. EuropeanNationalism Source for Raw Materials MissionaryActivity Industrial Revolution European Motives For Colonization Markets forFinishedGoods Military& NavalBases SocialDarwinism EuropeanRacism Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul. HumanitarianReasons Soc. & Eco.Opportunities “WhiteMan’sBurden”

  24. European Explorers in Africa 19c  Europeans Map the Interior of Africa

  25. The “White Man’s Burden”?

  26. Dealing with animism http://www.gosocialstudiesgo.com/african-animism#!__african-animism belief that nature has soul: the belief that things in nature, e.g. trees, mountains, and the sky, have souls or consciousness

  27. King Leopold II: The Belgian Congo (r. 1865 – 1909)

  28. Harvesting Rubber

  29. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.) It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

  30. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

  31. Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 Another point of view? 

  32. Africa 1890

  33. Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 How to control the colonies? Used rival tribe to help control regions Separate traditional tribes and cultures Lock economies into “one commodity” systems i.e.. cash crops and raw materials

  34. Africa in 1914

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