GLOBALIZATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PEACE & DEVELOPMENT

1. GLOBALIZATIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYPEACE & DEVELOPMENT Pr. Maurice TCHUENTEBoard Chairman National Agency for ICT CameroonBoard Member UNU/IIST tchuente@uycdc.uninet.cm presently on leave as Directeur de Recherche CNRS ENS Lyon FranceMaurice.Tchuente@ens-lyon.fr

2. With Globalization of economy, the Whole World is Market - resource - area of influence Opens world market to the economic sector of Globalization ICT Is a Support, an Accelerator, a Driver, a Multiplier of GLOBALIZATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Globalization and Information Technology are Interdependent and Mutually Reinforcing Information Technology creates a World Wide Global Space

3. Front end TELEPHONE RADIO TELEVISION VIDEO INTERNET DIGITAL EMBEDDED DEVICES Back end INFRASTRUCTURE EQUIPMENTS SYSTEMS SERVICES CONTENTS INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

4. Exports increase from 1996 to 2003 Total Merchandise : 60% ICT : 100 % ICT exports in 2003 Volume : $ 1,1trillon emergent/developing countries = 50% world exports China = 22 % of emergent/developing countries’ exports Percentage with respect to total exchanges : 15 % Top 10 countries : 72% Exports, 66 % Imports Within emergent/developing countries Top 10 = 98% Exports Top 10 = 90 % Imports SOME ICT FIGURES FOR 1996 – 2003(Information Economy UNCTAD Report 2005) Rapid Growth - Concentration of Production / Consumption

5. 90 100 80 90 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 P f m p i P f m p i Developing Developed PROGRESS IN BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE (1992 – 2002) P = population, f = fixed telephone, m = mobile telephone, p = PC, i = Internet

6. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT Good Governance is perhaps the single most important Factor in Eradicating Poverty and Promoting DevelopmentKofi Annan, Secretary General UN Peace is a Necessary Prerequisite to Social and Economic Development

7. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT OUTLINE • ICT and PEACE • ICT and GOVERNANCE • ICT and DEVELOPMENT

8. PROMOTION of PEACE • ICT and CONFLICT PREVENTION • ICT and CONFLICT MANAGEMENT • ICT and POST-CONFLICT BUILDING Reference : ICT for Peace : The Role of ICT in Preventing Responding to and Recovering from Conflict http://www.ict4peace.org

9. CONFLICT PREVENTION • ICT Help to Address the Root Causes of Conflicts • ICT Increase the Visibility of Potential Conflicts • ICT Promote Better Communication and Dialogue • Iternet = Counter-Balancing Force in Favor of Individuals and NGOs • ICT Help to Reveal Human Rights Abuses and Promote Good Governance

10. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT • ICT Make Logistics More Efficient • ICT Raise the Pofile of Forgotten Conflicts • ICT Contribute to the Coordination of Civil Society Organizations • Increased Coverage and Influence • Better Mobilization of Resources • Less Duplication, Gaps Filling, Increased Efficiency • ICT Contribute to Information Sharing

11. POST - CONFLICT BUILDING • ICT Serves as Vector and Catalyzer of National Reconciliation • ICT Help to Disseminate Terms of Ceasefire Agreement • ICT Raise Awareness of War Crime Tribunals and National Reconciliation Commissions • ICT Contribute to the Rapid Establishment of a Modern State

12. CONCLUSION for ICT and PEACE • The Role of ICT in Modern Warfare • Propaganda (Rwanda, Irak, …) • Smart Computer-Controlled Weapons and Military Coordination • Use by extremists to Promote Hatred, and Genocide, to Recruit Militants or Tele-Trigger Bombs • ICT Have Created New Intriguing Phenomena • Transitory Approach to Crisis • Fast Dissemination of Rumors and Overloading of Information But we Have Privileged the Potential of ICT to Promote the Attainment of a More Peaceful World

13. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND GOVERNANCE ICT Can Help to Improve the Quality of Governance Performance (Normative Outcomes) and Governance Process (How Outcomes are Achieved) • ICT and CIVIL SOCIETY • E-GOVERNANCE • ICT and POLITICAL PROCESSES

14. CIVIL SOCIETY A Well Informed Citizen is in a Better Position to Exercise his Rights and Carry out his Responsibilities within the Community • ICT Permit a Limitless Number of individuals and Organizations to have Direct Access to Global Audience • ICT Lead to Transparency and Reinforce Public Faith in Institutions

15. E-GOVERNANCE E-Governance is the Public Sector’s Use of ICT With the Aim of Improving Information and Delivery Services, Encouraging Citizen Participation in the Decision-Making Process and Making Government More Accountable, Transparent and Effective (http://portal.unesco.org) • ICT Reduce Communication Costs for Acces to Services (Form filling, Bill Sourcing and Payment, …) • ICT reduce Corruption • Help Citizens to learn about Policies and Processes (Help-Lines, …)

16. E-MACAU PROJECT • A Consortium led by UNU/IIST Involving the Government of Macau, the University of Macau, etc. • Development of E-Government Services in Macau • Results to be Shared with Institutions in Developing Countries • Other Outcomes : Standard Open-Source Packages

17. POLITICAL PROCESSES “ If they Convene the Electorate for the Presidential Elections Without the Computerization of Electoral Registers, we Will Intensify Demonstration all over the Countries to make Sure that the Election does not hold ” (Opposition Leaders in Some African Countries) • ICT Increase Citizen Awareness and Mobilization (First E-Revolution in the Philippines according to J. Court, the World Governance Survey Project Co-Coordinator) • ICT and Electoral Processes

18. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT How ICT can Impact the Economy :- Increase Productivity and Growth- Boost international trade of Goods and Services- Catalyze Labour Markets and Employment Contribution to the Achievement of some MDGs • Eradication of Poverty and Hunger • Education • Health • Environment Sustainability

19. POVERTY REDUCTION – EDUCATION • Eradication of Poverty and Hunger • Greater Efficiency (Rural Farmers, India, …) • Employment (Call-Box Cameroon) • Education • Emphasizing the Importance of Education in some areas • Efficient Administration (Senegal) • Online Documentation and E-Learning • Global Virtual University (UNU) • African Virtual University (Worlf Bank) • “ Campus Numérique ” (Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie)

20. HEALTH – ENVIRONMENT • Health • Remote Health Care Services • Training and Networking of Health Workers • Diseases Monitoring and Management of Health Systems • Environment • Critical Tools for Observation and Monitoring of Environmental Processes (Fire, Rainfall, Wind, etc.) • Mathematical Analysis and Computer Simulation • New tools for Automatic Data Collection (Sensor Networks)

21. CONCLUSION • Possible Obstacles • Unsufficient Mastering - Digital Divide • Threats • Criminal Use - Volatility Call-Box Equipment ($ 100) : Table, Cell phone, Umbrella Despite the Above Obstables and Threats, “ People-Oriented, Inclusive and Development-Oriented Information Society can Enable Individuals, Communities and Peoples to Achieve Their Full Potential in Promoting Peace, Good Governance and Sustainable Development ” (WSIS Geneva 2003)