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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The Sentence . Sentence=subject and main verb –everything else is just filler “She takes”—> sentence “ She in house ”  not sentence. Weepily, Wanda, having awoken late today , tells her instructor she deserves to be tardy . Key Concepts August 29. Macrons Diphthongs

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1

  2. The Sentence • Sentence=subject and main verb –everything else is just filler • “She takes”—>sentence • “She in house” not sentence • Weepily, Wanda, having awoken late today, tells her instructor she deserves to be tardy.

  3. Key Concepts August 29 • Macrons • Diphthongs • Infinitive • Verb • Personal endings • First conjugation

  4. But first… • Syllables can be SHORT or LONG depending on the presence of a MACRON (hamburger hot doglong, short, short; long, long) • dāsvsdat • DIPHTHONGS --combinations of two vowels that make one sound--e.g. AE ae- AIsle au- hOUse ei- rEIgn eu- hEU –(ALAS!) oe- OIl ui-mUY

  5. Verb I run You run He runs We ran You All ran tHey ran I will run You will run He will run Run! To Run—what is this?? • Definition: activity or state of being

  6. Infinitive • “To Run” is the infinitive • In Latin this is the SECOND PRINCIPAL PART • Do, dāre, dedi, datus • *vocabulary interlude!*

  7. CONJUGATION • To conjugate a verb means to assign it person, number, tense, mood, and voice: • In English: I praise We praise • You praise You all praise • He/she/it praise They praise • What signals person and number? • Pronouns signal person and number • Ending signals tense and number

  8. Identifying a Conjugated verb You all went to class • 2nd. Person Person (who is the subject?) Number (singular or plural?) Plural Tense (when did it take place —keep in mind Latin has 6!) Present Mood (indicative or subjunctive) Indicative Voice (is the subject the doer?) Active

  9. Personal Endings • Instead of pronouns like ‘I’ and ‘you’, Latin relies exclusively on ENDINGS • To indicate the person • LOOK TO YOUR ENDINGS!!! • 1stSg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” • 2ndSg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you all” • 3rdSg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they” • Tempus fugit • Cogito ergo sum

  10. What do I do with these endings? • For the PRESENT, INDICATIVE, ACTIVE • Find your Latin Infinitive e.g. laudāre • Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive marker -“re” • e.g. laudā- • Add the personal endings from the last slide • e.g. laudās in the second person singular

  11. Conjugate laudāre

  12. Now Conjugate: Vocō, Vocāre • 1stSg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” • 2ndSg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you all” • 3rdSg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they” Find your Latin Infinitive (second principal part of the verb) and determine the conjugation of the verb (-are =1st conjugation/-ēre=2nd conjugation) e.g. laudāre 2) Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive ker-“re” e.g. laudā- 3) Add the personal endings from the last slide e.g. laudāsin the second person singular N.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –nt ending, the long ē shortens to an e

  13. Key Concepts August 29 • Second Conjugation • Imperative • Subject • Object • Adverb

  14. Second Conjugation • Long ē conjugation • N.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –ntending, the long ē shortens to an e

  15. Conjugate Salveō, salvēre • 1stSg.- -ō/m “I” 1st pl.- -mus “we” • 2ndSg.- -s “you” 2nd pl.- -tis “you all” • 3rdSg.- -t “he/she/it” 3rd pl.- -nt “they” Find your Latin Infinitive (second principal part of the verb) and determine the conjugation of the verb (-are =1st conjugation/-ēre=2nd conjugation) e.g. laudare 2) Determine the stem by dropping the infinitive ker-“re” e.g. lauda- 3) Add the personal endings from the last slide e.g. laudas in the second person singular N.B. When a long ē comes up against a –t or –nt ending, the long ē shortens to an e

  16. Conjugation

  17. Imperative Mood • Imperative=commands To form the singular command, use the stem Laudārelaudā! Salvē , Regina! Carpē diem!

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