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Condenser in Power Plants

Condenser in Power Plants. P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi. Equipment to Create an Efficient Closed Cycle Plant ……. Most Important Equipment in Watts Engine. Pearl Street Station.

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Condenser in Power Plants

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  1. Condenser in Power Plants P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Equipment to Create an Efficient Closed Cycle Plant …….

  2. Most Important Equipment in Watts Engine

  3. Pearl Street Station Thomas Edison in September 1882 achieved his vision of a full-scale central power station

  4. Power Plant Condenser

  5. Two-Pass Surface Condenser

  6. Energy Balance of A Condenser • Energy balance: • The temperature rise of cooling water: • 6 to 7 degree C for single pass. • 7 to 9 degree C for two pass. • 10 to 12 degree C for four pass.

  7. Air Ingestion into Condensing Steam

  8. Thermal Processes Occurring in Condensers • The condenser never receives pure seam from the turbine. • A mixture of steam and non-condensable gases (Air-steam mixture) enters the condenser. • The ratio of the quantity of gas that enters the condenser to the quantity of steam is called the relative air content. The value of , depends on type, capacity, load and design dimensions of the condenser plant.

  9. Variation of Steam-air Mixture Parameters

  10. T-S Diagram : Rankine Cycle with Irreversible Condenser

  11. Using Dalon’s Law: Law of Mixtures • Gas laws:

  12. Impact of Non-Condensibles • At the entry to condenser the relative content of air is very low and partial pressure of steam is almost equal to condenser pressure. • As air-steam mixture moves in the condenser, steam is condensed and the relative content of air increases. • Accordingly, the partial pressure of steam drops down. • The pressure in the bottom portion of condenser is lower than that of the top portion. • The pressure drop from inlet to exit of condenser is called steam exhaust resistance of a condenser. The partial pressure of air at the bottom of the condenser cannot be neglected.

  13. Condenser with Air Removal Pump : A practicable Concept

  14. Combined Condensation & Air Pumping Action: Air Pumping Action Vs Condensing Action !!!

  15. Air pump controlling the back pressure Condenser controlling the back pressure Air pump controlling the back pressure Condenser controlling the back pressure Effect of Air Leakage on Condenser Pressure Inlet Condenser Pressure, mm of Hg 10 30 40 50 20 Cooling water Inlet Temperature

  16. Power Loss Due to Excess Back Pressure What is Techno-economically Viable value of TTD ?

  17. Condenser Performance • 500MW unit condenser overall heat transfer coefficient obtained from the condenser model is 2947 W/m2 oC. • Value of overall heat transfer coefficient provided by the manufacturer is 2907 W/m2 oC. • Thus representing an error of 1.37% in estimated value of overall heat transfer coefficient.

  18. Effect of Ambient Temperature & Water Flow Rate Cooling Water Flow rate: 36200 Cumecs C

  19. Effect of Ambient Temperature & Water Flow Rate Cooling Water Flow rate: 28800 Cumecs

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