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FACTS

FACTS. At least 194 m people worldwide suffer from diabetes; this figure is likely to be more than double by 2030 Around 4 m deaths every year are related to complications of diabetes. FACTS. WHO figures. What is Diabetes mellitus?.

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FACTS

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  1. FACTS • At least 194 m people worldwide suffer from diabetes; this figure is likely to be more than double by 2030 • Around 4 m deaths every year are related to complications of diabetes

  2. FACTS WHO figures

  3. What is Diabetes mellitus? • DM or Sugar problem is a chronic disease characterised by very high blood sugar. Caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors. • Type I –lack of production of Insulin; children and adolescents • Type II – inability to respond properly to the action of Insulin; adults, 90%

  4. The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions

  5. Genetic/ Family history Race Stress Over-eating&obesity Physical Inactivity Gestational Diabetes Drugs Infection Other illnesses Surgery Autoimmune CAUSAL FACTORS

  6. Symptoms of Diabetes SOME or NONE of the following • Frequent Urination • Excessive thirst • Unexplained weight loss • Extreme hunger • Sudden visual changes • Tingling or numbness in hands or feet • Feeling very tired most of the time • Wounds that are slow toheal

  7. DIAGNOSIS • Urine strip test • Blood sugar test • Glycosylated Haemoglobin: HbA1C

  8. Type I Strict carefully calculated diet Planned physical activity Insulin injections Home blood glucose testing Type II Diet control Exercise Oral medication and or insulin Home blood glucose testing What is the Treatment?

  9. Hypoglycemia • Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar. • What causes hypoglycemia? Taking too much insulin, Missing or delaying a meal, Exercising too much, Taking other medications. • signs and symptoms dizziness, confusion, sweating, shaky tremors, headache or even fainting.

  10. Management of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia) • Tell your family, friends, colleagues at work about signs/symptoms and how to treat low blood sugar. • Carry medical card or tag • Eat or drink something that has sugar in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc. • If unconscious don’t give anything by mouth-transfer to nearest clinic

  11. Complications • High blood pressure. • Heart disease; 50% • Strokes. • Nerve problems or Neuropathy; 50% • Blindness; 2% • Kidney failure • Impotence • Diabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers X40 • Consume 10% of Nation’s Health Budget

  12. How do we prevent? • Healthy and Balanced diet • Regular physical activities/exercise • Maintain Normal body weight • Early detection

  13. Prognosis is good.

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