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Facts

“Rio Grande, How Clean is our River” Presented by: Kavita Idnani Luna and Rick Ferdin. Facts. Rio Grande River is one of the largest rivers in the United States. Flows through Texas and Mexico. Starts from San Juan County, Colorado and flows out into the Gulf of Mexico.

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Facts

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  1. “Rio Grande, How Clean is our River”Presented by: Kavita Idnani Luna and Rick Ferdin

  2. Facts • Rio Grande River is one of the largest rivers in the United States. • Flows through Texas and Mexico. • Starts from San Juan County, Colorado and flows out into the Gulf of Mexico. • Has a total length of 1,900 miles. • Has five chief tributaries: (2 in the U.S) Pecos River and Devil River (3 in Mexico) Rio Conchos, Rio Salado, and Rio San Juan

  3. River Pollutants • FECAL COLIFORM • SEDIMENT • SALT • PESTICIDES • HEAVY METALS • NUTRIENTS

  4. FECAL COLIFORM • Bacteria found in the intestines and feces of warm blooded mammals and birds. • Runoff from city streets, rangelands, farms and dairies. • Highest level after heavy rain.

  5. SEDIMENT • Undissolved matter, such as soil, rock particles and plant debris. • It can clog fish gills, reduce dissolved oxygen and ruin underwater habitat

  6. SALT • Enters the river as water flows over and through the ground, dissolving naturally occurring minerals. • Due to irrigation, high salinity can harm or kill plants and animals, it can make river water difficult or impossible to treat.

  7. PESTICIDES • Used on crops and in gardens to control insects HEAVY METALS • Metals such as cadmium, mercury, iron and lead can persist in the environment for a long time and are toxic at high levels.

  8. NUTRIENTS • Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds can limit the growth of aquatic vegetation at low levels or cause excessive growth at high concentrations. • Excessive plant growth can interfere with recreational use of the water, increase the cost to treat water for drinking, suffocate fish and other aquatic life, and pose a human health risk.

  9. WATER QUALITY STUDIES • 5 lakes were studied in the Laredo area for this project: • Lake 1 - Delmar Lago • Lake 2 - behind Post Office • Lake 3 – Villas del Lago • Lake 4 – Falcon lake • Lake 5 – Veleno creek

  10. Lake 1 • Date: 3-34-02, 5:40 p.m. • pH = 9.2 (Industrial Waste) • Temp. = 23 degrees Celsius • Odor = None • Color = dark green, brownish • DO = 10 mg/lit 115 % • Nitrates = 1 PPM • Phosphates = 2 PPM • Fecal Coliform = Negative • Turbidity = 60 Jtu

  11. Lake 2 • Date: 3-24-02, Time: 5:50 p.m. • pH = 9.3 (Industrial Waste) • Temp. = 23 degrees Celsius • Odor = None • Color = clear • DO = 10 mg/lit 115 % • Nitrates = 1 PPM • Phosphates = 4 PPM • Fecal Coliform = Negative • Turbidity = 15 Jtu

  12. Lake 3 • Date: 3-24-02, Time: 6:00 p.m. • pH = 8.0 (Industrial Waste) • Temp. = 24 degrees Celsius • Odor = marshy • Color = light green • DO = 9 mg/lit 105 % • Nitrates = 1 PPM • Phosphates = 2 PPM • Fecal Coliform = Negative • Turbidity = 15 Jtu

  13. Lake 4 • Date: 4-16-02, Time: 5:20 p.m. • pH = 7.0 (Industrial Waste) • Temp. = 32 degrees Celsius • Odor = None • Color = dark brown • DO = 10 mg/lit 115 % • Nitrates = 1 PPM • Phosphates = 0 PPM • Fecal Coliform = Negative • Turbidity = 60 Jtu

  14. Lake 5 • Date: 4-16-02, Time: 5:54 p.m. • pH = 7.0 (Industrial Waste) • Temp. = 28 degrees Celsius • Odor = None • Color =clear • DO = error • Nitrates = 1 PPM • Phosphates = 2 PPM • Fecal Coliform = Negative • Turbidity = 15 Jtu

  15. What does this all mean? • pH tests determine acidic or alkalilinity of water. 7.0 is neutral as was in lakes 4 and 5 while lakes 1, 2, and 3 indicate water is alkaline. • All lakes had a rather high temperature ranging from 23 to 32 degrees Celsius • Dissolved oxygen parameter measure amount of oxygen dissolved in water. All lakes were above 5.0 mg/l. Concentrations should not exceed 110% (as in lakes 1,2, and 4) • Nitrates measured at 1 ppm in all lakes meaning that few were present in all lakes. • Phosphate was present in all levels except lake 4. • A negative result for fecal coliform means there's no traces of it in these lakes. • Turbidity levels measure clarity of water with 0 Jtu being the clearest. Lakes 4 and 1 had a high level while the other lakes were moderate at 15 Jtu.

  16. How was the testing done? • Collecting Water at the Lakes • Water Testing Kit

  17. How do we treat water? • Water in lakes, rivers, and swamps often contains impurities that make it look and smell bad. The water may also contain bacteria and other microbiological organisms that can cause disease. Consequently, water from surface sources must be "cleaned" before it can be consumed by people. Water treatment plants typically clean water by taking it through the following processes: (1) aeration; (2) coagulation; (3) sedimentation; (4) filtration; and (5) disinfections.

  18. Coagulation • Coagulation removes dirt and other particles suspended in water. Alum and other chemicals are added to water to form tiny sticky particles called "floc" which attract the dirt particles. The combined weight of the dirt and the alum (floc) become heavy enough to sink to the bottom during sedimentation

  19. Sedimentation • The heavy particles (floc) settle to the bottom and the clear water moves to filtration. Filtration • The water passes through filters, some made of layers of sand, gravel, and charcoal that help remove even smaller particles. DISINFECTION

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