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CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY. Unit 02 Lesson 01 Matter’s Changes and Properties. In the News….

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CHEMISTRY

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  1. CHEMISTRY Unit 02 Lesson 01 Matter’s Changes and Properties

  2. In the News… A threatening letter containing an unidentified white powder was received at a political candidate’s office. As a precaution, many people were sent to the hospital for examination or were quarantined while authorities tried to determine if the powder was hazardous.

  3. Construct a Two-Tab Physical vs. Chemical Organizer Instructions: • Fold the paper cross-wise along the center dashed-line. • Cut along the solid line from edge to center fold. • Color the ‘Physical Properties & Changes’ flap. • Color the ‘Chemical Properties & Changes’ flap a second color.

  4. Phase Change Demonstration • What happened to the volume of the balloon as the liquid ↔ gas? • How would you explain this using the terms ‘particles’ and ‘kinetic energy’?

  5. Elasticity Station: Decision Balls Polynorbornene • Used mainly in the rubber industry for anti-vibration (rail, building, industry), anti-impact (personal protective equipment, shoe parts, bumpers), and grip improvement (toy tires, racing tires, transmission systems, transports systems for copiers, feeders, etc.) Polyneoprene • Used in a wide variety of applications, such as laptop sleeves, orthopedic braces (wrist, knee, etc.), electrical insulation, and car fan belts • Foamed neoprene containing gas cells is used as an insulation material, most notably in wetsuits.

  6. Density Application: Aerogels “A flower is on a piece of aerogelwhich is suspended over a Bunsen burner. [Due to its low density] Aerogel has excellent insulating properties, and the flower is protected from the flame.” (NASA 2009) Image source: NASA

  7. Viscosity: The Pitch Drop Experiment “The first Professor of Physics at the University of Queensland [Australia], Professor Thomas Parnell, began an experiment in 1927. The experiment demonstrates the fluidity and high viscosity of pitch, a derivative of tar once used for waterproofing boats. At room temperature pitch feels solid - even brittle - and can easily be shattered with a blow from a hammer. It's quite amazing then, to see that pitch at room temperature is actually fluid! In 1927 Professor Parnell heated a sample of pitch and poured it into a glass funnel with a sealed stem.  Three years were allowed for the pitch to settle, and in 1930 the sealed stem was cut. From that date on the pitch has slowly dripped out of the funnel - so slowly that now, [many] years later, the ninth drop is only just about to fall.” ("The pitch drop," 2012)

  8. Compressibility: Pneumatics and Hydraulics Hydraulics Uses pressurized oils or water Pneumatics Uses compressed air

  9. Shape and Volume Compared densityof solids > density of liquids > density of gases

  10. Density Compared densityof solids > density of liquids > density of gases

  11. Particle Motion Energy Compared energyof solids < energyof liquids < energyof gases

  12. Physical vs. Chemical Changes: Hot Pack/Cold Pack When the calcium chloride was dissolved in water, was the process endothermic or exothermic? Was it a physical or a chemical change? What evidence? When the calcium chloride solution was combined with the sodium bicarbonate, was the process endothermic or exothermic? Was is a physical or a chemical change? What evidence?

  13. Intensive vs. ExtensiveProperties

  14. Physical vs. Chemical Properties and Changes

  15. Phase Change: Sublimation

  16. Phase Change: Condensation

  17. Phase Change: Heating Curve for Water (Cawang, 2011)

  18. Testing Procedures forPowder Properties • View the substance using a hand lens, and write a brief description including color, particle size, and any other observations. Record the results on your data chart. • Add several drops of water to the sample in the first column of the Reaction (rxn) Mat, and stir with a clean toothpick. Did the powder dissolve? Is there evidence of a chemical rxn? Record results. • Dip a small piece of pH paper into the sample water mixture in the first column. Is the mixture acidic, neutral, or basic? Record the results. • Add four drops of vinegar to the sample in the second column. Record the results. • Add one drop of iodine to the sample in the third column. Record the results. • Heat the sample in the foil spoon over a candle flame. Any odors, changes in color, etc. should be recorded. • Repeat until all five powders have been tested.

  19. References NASA. (Photographer). (2009). Aerogelflower filtered. [Print Photo]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aerogelflower.jpg. The pitch drop experiment. (2012). Retrieved from http://smp.uq.edu.au/content/pitch-drop-experiment. Bartelt, T. (n.d.). Comparing hydraulics and pneumatics. Retrieved from http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=HYP4307 Cawang. (Artist). (2011). Water phase change diagram. [Web Drawing]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_Phase_Change_Diagram.png

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