DNA Review Questions

1. DNA Review Questions

2. DNA Structure Questions

3. Question #1 • What does A stand for? • Adenine

4. Question #2 • What three things make up a nucleotide? • 1 sugar, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogen base

5. Question #3 • Who is credited with the discovery of the shape of DNA? • Watson and Crick

6. Question #4 • What is the basic structure of DNA called? Hint-twisted ladder • Double helix

7. Question #5 • Complete the following diagram using the base-pairing rule • GTCGAC • CAGCTG

8. Question #6 • What does C stand for? • Cytosine

9. Question #7 • What does DNA stand for? • Deoxyribose nucleic acid

10. Question #8 • Are there any two people who have exactly the same DNA? • Yes, identical twins

11. Question #9 • Why is DNA sometimes called the fingerprint inside your body? • Because no two peoples DNA is the same (except twins) and no two peoples fingerprints are the same

12. Question #10 • What are the rails of the DNA strand made up of? • The sugar phosphate backbone is made up of the sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate.

13. Question #11 • What are the steps of the DNA strand are called? • Nitrogenous Bases

14. Question #12 • In a DNA Strand A pairs with ____. • T (thymine)

15. DNA Replication Questions

16. Question #13 • Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding a DNA strand for replication? • DNA Helicase

17. Question #14 • How does DNA Helicase unzip the strand? • It breaks the bonds (hydrogen) between the two nitrogenous bases

18. Question #15 • When does DNA Replication occur during the cell cycle? • S-phase of interphase

19. Question #16 • Why is it necessary for DNA Replication to occur? • I will take either of the following: • To preserve the genetic code between cells • To prepare for mitosis or meiosis

20. Question #17 • In DNA replications, how many new double strands are made? • One

21. Question #18 • DNA Replication follows the Semi-conservative model of replication, what does this mean? • It means that each strand is made up of one old strand (parent) and one new strand (daughter)

22. Question #19 • In DNA Replication, which enzyme is responsible for laying down the complement bases? • DNA Polymerase

23. Question #20 • Write the DNA Replication complement to this strand. • ATCGCCGATC • TAGCGGCTAG

24. Transcription

25. Question #21 • What are the three types of RNA? • mRNA , tRNA, rRNA

26. Question #22 • What does tRNAtransfer? • Transfer RNA transfers amino acids.

27. Question #23 • What does mRNA stand for? • Messenger RNA

28. Question #24 • What does rRNA stand for? • Ribosomal RNA

29. Question #25 • Where does transcription take place in the cell? • In the nucleus

30. Question #26 • In transcription, which enzyme is responsible for laying down complimentary bases to the parent strand? • RNA Polymerase

31. Question #27 • Illustrate the central dogma • DNA RNA Proteins traits

32. Question #28 • In RNA, A pairs with ____ • U (Uracil)

33. Question #29 • In transcription, G pairs with ___ • C

34. Question #30 • What are the two products of one round of transcription? • On strand DNA, one strand RNA

35. Question #31 • What is the name of the sugar found in RNA? • Ribose

36. Question #32 • Is RNA double or single-stranded? • Single Stranded

37. Translation

38. Question #33 • What is made as a result of translation? • Proteins

39. Question #34 • How many bases make up a codon? • 3

40. Question #35 • What is the basic unit of proteins? • Amino Acids

41. Question #36 • How many codons does the following tRNA strand have? • AUGCCGGGCUUAGCGUGA

42. Question #37 • What three bases make up a start codon? • AUG (needs to be in this order)

43. Question #38 • Name all three stop codons. • UAG, UAA, UGA

44. Question #39 • In translation proteins are made from a _____ template • RNA

45. Question #40 • Where does translation occur in the cell? • Ribosome

46. Bonus Question- Worth 30 pts. • Use the following to decode the tRNA strand. AUGGGCCUGUGA • Met-Gly-Leu-Stop