1 / 63

Computer

Computer. It is an electronic device which receives data, processes it and gives meaningful result. Main operations: Input Storing Processing Output Control. Architecture Of Computer. CPU. CPU: Performs all the processing tasks of a computer. Also called “Brain of the Computer”.

alodie
Download Presentation

Computer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Computer • It is an electronic device which receives data, processes it and gives meaningful result. • Main operations: • Input • Storing • Processing • Output • Control

  2. Architecture Of Computer CPU

  3. CPU: • Performs all the processing tasks of a computer. • Also called “Brain of the Computer”. • Controls all parts of a computer system • Has three components: • Arithmetic and Logic Unit : has small locations called registers, and consists of Arithmetic and Logic sections. • Control Unit : controls the operations of CPU, and governs transfer of data between IO devices and the system. • Memory : RAM and ROM

  4. Types of Computer • Based on Use: • Analog Computer • Digital Computer • Hybrid Computer • Based on Sizes: • Super Computer • Main Frame Systems • Mini Computer • Personal Computers • Micro Computers

  5. Generations of Computer • First: 1949-54, Vaccum Tubes/Electronic Valves, Magnetic Drum (about 1KB memory), Speed: 333ms • Second: 1954-64Transistors, Magnetic Core, tape and disk (about 100KB main memory), Speed: 10ms • Third: 1964-80, Integrated Circuits, High Speed Magnetic Cores (about 1MB main memory), Speed: 100ns • Fourth: 1980-Now, Large Scale ICs, Semi-Conductor Memory(about 10 MB main memory), Speed: 10ns

  6. Bits / Bytes / Words

  7. Hardware • Examples: Motherboard, VDU, Secondary and removable storage devices, Sound Card, Peripherals etc. • Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Trackball • Joystic • Digital Camera • Microphone • Touch Screen • Scanner

  8. Types of keys on a keyboard: • Alphanumeric • Special • Function • Output Devices • Monitor (Video Display Terminal) • Projector • Printer • Sound Card • Speaker • Video Card

  9. Software • Application Software • Software that a user uses to accomplish a particular task. • Eg: MS Word, Notepad, Adobe Reader etc. • System Software: • Software that is designed to operate the computer hardware. • Provides a platform for running application software. • Eg: device drivers, operating systems, servers, utilities.

  10. Memory • RAM: • Dynamic RAM (DRAM) : needs periodic refreshing. • Static RAM (SRAM): does not require periodic refreshing • ROM: • PROM • EPROM • EEPROM

  11. Programming Languages of Computer Machine Language Assembly Language High Level Language eg: BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, JAVA , C# Fourth Generation Language (4GL)

  12. Programming Languages of Computer Hardware Machine Language Assembly Language High level Language

  13. Programming Languages of Computer Program Compilation • Converts program in high level language to executable machine language. • Converts entire document at once. Program Interpretation • Converts program in high level language to executable machine language. • Converts document line by line.

  14. Operating Systems Set of programs that control, coordinate and supervises activities of a computer system. Types of OS: • GUI • Batch Processing Operating System • Real-time Operating System • Multi- User (eg: Time Sharing Systems) • Multi-processing • Multi-tasking • Multi-threading • Distributed

  15. Operating Systems Hardware OS Application User

  16. MSDOS (Disc Operating System) • Developed by Microsoft (1981) for micro computers. • Was most popular in 80s and mid 90s • Single user OS. • Character User Interface. • Provides commands for File handling. • It is not case sensitive. • File names restricted to 8 chars. • No spaces are allowed in filenames. • It has various internal and external commands.

  17. File Naming in DOS • Primary Name: • Secondary Name or Extensions eg: .exe , .com, .bat, .ovr, .doc, .txt .

  18. Related Questions • Microsoft Word is an example of a/anSBI PO 2010 • OS • Processing device • Application Software • Input device Ans: Application Sofware • C++ is a/an ………. languageSBI PO 2010 • Unnecessary • Object oriented • Developed • Machine • Assembly Ans: Object Oriented

  19. ………. is a type of input machine.SBI PO 2010 • Monitor • Printer • Plotter • Keyboard • None of these Ans: Keyboard • Which of the following is not an input unit?SBI PO 2010 • Touch pad • Mouse • Scanner • Monitor • Microphone Ans: Monitor

  20. Program or instructions are included in …… of a system.PNB PO 2010 • Hardware • icon • information • Software • None of these Ans: Software • The capacity of memory is measured in terms of • PNB PO 2010 • bit • byte • nibble • megabyte • All of these Ans: megabyte

  21. The place where data and program goes is known asAllahabad Bank PO 2010 • mouse • keyboard • CPU • CU • None of these Ans: CPU • In MICR, C stands for • PNB PO 2010 • code • color • computer • character • None of these Ans: Character

  22. Which of the following is not one of the four major data processing functions of a computer? Allahabad Bank PO 2010 • Gathering data • Processing data into information • Analyzing the data or information • Storing the data or information • None of these Ans: Analyzing the data or information. • These are specially designed computers that perform complex calculations extremely rapidly. • Syndicate BankPO 2007 • servers • Super computers • laptops • mainframes • None of these Ans: Super computers

  23. It is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do? Bank of India PO 2010 • Nanoscience • Nanotechnology • Simulation • AI • None of these Ans: AI

  24. Word Processor (MSWord) Word Window and its components: • Title bar • Menu Bar • Standard Tool Bar • Ruler • Scroll Bars (Vertical and Horizontal) • Workspace • Formatting tool bar • Drawing tool bar • Status bar.

  25. Look of MS Word 2003

  26. Top half of Ms word: Bottom half of Ms word:

  27. Characteristics of Word • Editing Feature. • Permanent storage facility. • Formatting (Changing the text in any form) • Graphics • Thesaurus (For changing word with its Synonyms) • Find and Replace. • Headers and Footers • Page Orientation. • Spell Checker. • Mail Merge. • Bullets and Numbering. • Tables.

  28. Shortcut Keys • Ctrl + A: Select all components of page. • Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted section • Ctrl + I : Italic highlighted section • Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted section • Ctrl + C: Copy selected text. • Ctrl + X: Cut selected text. • Ctrl + V: Paste. • Ctrl + P: Open print window. • Ctrl + F: Open Find box. • Ctrl + Y: Redo last operation. • Ctrl + Z: Undo last operation. • Ctrl + K: Insert Link. • Ctrl + L: Align left . • Ctrl + R: Align right. • Ctrl + E: Align Centre. • Ctrl + J: Justify. • Ctrl + M: Indent Paragraph.

  29. Ctrl + < (Ctrl + Shift + <) Decrease font size. • Ctrl + > (Ctrl + Shift + >) Increase font size. • Ctrl + [ Decrease font size. • Ctrl + ] Increase font size. • Ctrl + S Save the document.

  30. MS Excel • It is a spreadsheet application. • It has graphic tools, calculation support, pivot tables, and a macro-programming language called Visual Basic For Applications(VBA).

  31. Terms used in Excel • Worksheet • Row Number • Column Letter • Cell • Cell Pointer • Current Cell • Range of Cells • Work Book • Data in Worksheet • Formula • Functions • Cell Referencing : Absolute/Relative/Mixed • Charts: Area/ Column/ Line/ Bar/ Pie

  32. Some Excel Shortcuts • Ctrl + A Select all components of page. • Ctrl + B Bold highlighted section. • Ctrl + I Italic highlighted section. • Ctrl + K Insert Link. • F2 Edit the selected cell. • F5 Go to a specific cell. • F7 Spell check selected text or document. • F11 Create chart. • Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter current time. • Ctrl + ; Enter current date. • Shift + F3 Open excel formula window. • Shift + F5 Open search box. • Ctrl + F6 Switch between open workbooks/window. • Ctrl + Page up Switch between excel worksheets in same document. • Alt + = create formula to sum all above cells into the cell currently selected.

  33. Some Excel Shortcuts • Ctrl + 5 Strikethrough highlighted selection. • Ctrl + Arrow Key Move to next section of text. • Ctrl + Space Select entire column. • Shift + Space Select entire row. • Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window • Ctrl + F10 Maximize current window • Ctrl + ’ Insert value of above cell into current cell. • Ctrl + Tab Move between two or more open excel files. • Ctrl +Shift + $ Format number in currency format.

  34. MS Powerpoint • It is the presentation graphics part of MS Office suite. • We can create various presentation materials like charts, graphics, slides, handouts, overheads etc. • It can be used to create slide shows. • Some methods for creating new presentation are: Auto Content Wizard, Design Templates, Sample Presentation and Blank Presentation. • File formats of powerpoint are: the 2003 default .ppt(presentation), .pps (powerpoint show), .pot (template). • Custom animations can be used to create small story boards by animating pictures to enter, exit or move. • Powerpoint presentations can consist of several pages or slides.

  35. Common Operations Apply a Template to a Presentation • A template is a PowerPoint presentation that defines how your text and slide background will look. A plain presentation is simply black text on a white background. Define Slide Transition and Animation • Transition effects help define how a presentation move from one slide to the next. Animation defines how you want your listed information to come in and out of the presentation. Edit the Slide Master or Individual Slides • The Slide Master in a template is a slide that controls the formatting, text, and objects that appear on every slide in your presentation.

  36. Some Powerpoint Shortcuts • F5 Start the slide show from first slide. • Shift + F5 Start the slide show from current slide. • F7 Check the spelling of text. • Shift + F7 Thesaurus (suggest synonyms). • Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window

  37. MS Access • It is an RDBMS that combines Microsoft Jet Database Engine with GUI and software development tools. • The Microsoft Jet Database Engine  ( JET stands for Joint Engine Technology), is a database engine on which several Microsoft products have been built. A database engine is the underlying component of a database. • It stores data in its own format, and can link or import data from other Access databases. • A database is a tool for collecting and organizing information.

  38. MS Access • In a RDBMS data is stored in the form of tables or relations. RDBMS is a multi-table database, where tables are related to one other. • Each table has number of rows and columns. • Each column or field, represents a category • Each entry in a table is known as a row or a record. • MS Access is an RDBMS that enables us to manage relational database in windows environment. • It enables us to enter, retrieve and modify/update data and also create forms and reports. • Databases created in the Access 2007 format have the file extension .accdb, and databases created in earlier Access formats have the file extension .mdb

  39. Database Objects • Tables: store data in form of rows and columns. • Queries: For viewing data from a table. • Forms: enable us to enter, view and modify in a table. Also known as “data entry screens”. • Reports: generate reports based on tables and query results. • Data Access Page: they are web pages to view and work with data from the Internet or an intranet, where data is stored in an Access database. (no longer supported in MS Access 2007). • Macros: series of commands and functions that can be executed when a task is needed to be performed. • Modules: Visual basic procedures and declarations stored as one unit.

  40. Some Access Shortcuts • Ctrl + N Open new DB. • Ctrl + O Open existing DB. • Alt + F4 Quit Access. • Ctrl + P Open print dialog box for printing current or selected object. • P open print dialog box from print preview • S open page setup dialog box from print preview • C or Esc cancel print preview or layout preview. • F12 or Alt + F12 open Save As dialog box. • Ctrl + S or Shift + F12 or Alt + Shift + F2 : save a DB object.

  41. F4 or Alt + Down Arrow : open a combo box • F9 : refresh the contents of a lookup field, list box or combo box. • Page Up: move up one page. • Page Down: move down one page. • Up Arrow: move up one line. • Tab: exit the combo box or list box. • Ctrl + F: open find tab in Find and Replace dialog box. • Ctrl + H: open replace tab in Find and Replace dialog box. • Shift + F4: to find the next occurrence of the text specified in Find and Replace dialog box when the dialog box is closed.

  42. Related Questions • In application software (MS Excel), there is ……. immediately below the title bar.SBI PO 2010 • Text area • Menu bar • Standard tool bar • Task bar Ans: Menu bar • Just below the formatting bar,there is SBI PO 2010 • Task bar • Tool bar • Formula bar • Scroll bar Ans: Formula bar

  43. “Comic Sans Ms” is example ofSBI PO 2010 • Font type • Font face • Font layout • Font structure • Font design Ans: Font face • By ……., text can be made more attractive in different colors, shapes and sizes.SBI PO 2010 • Word Art • Picture • Word art text box • Mail merge • None of these Ans: Word Art

  44. Telephone no, date of birth, name of customer are the examples ofPNB PO 2010 • record • data • file • database • None of these Ans: Data • In which grouping, the formatting of text is done in Word?PNB PO 2010 • Tables, Paragraphs and Indexes. • Paragraphs, Indexes and Sections. • Characters, Sections and Paragraphs. • Indexes, Characters and Tables. • None of these Ans: Tables, Paragraphs and Indexes.

  45. The item cut during cutting and pasting process is stored temporarily in PNB PO 2010 • ROM • Hard Drive • Diskette • Dashboard • Clipboard Ans: Clipboard

  46. Data Communication and Network • Signals: electric or electromagnetic encoding of data. • Signaling: propagation of signal along suitable medium. • Transmission: communication of data achieved by propagation and processing of signals. • Parallel data transmission: each wire carries a bit of information. • Series data transmission: bits are sent sequentially. (slower as compared to parallel transmission) • Synchronous transmission: characters are transmitted as groups, with control characters in beginning and end of data stream. • Asynchronous transmission: each char is transmitted separately.

  47. Modes of Communication: • Simplex • Half duplex • Full duplex. • Types of Computer Network: • LAN (Local Area Network) eg: nw in a building • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) eg: nw connecting branches in different cities. • WAN ( Wide Area Network) eg: internet. • Topology: physical layout of a network. • Mesh • Star • Bus • Ring

  48. Mesh Topology Bus Topology

More Related