PLEASE LISTEN CAREFULLY

1. PLEASE LISTEN CAREFULLY TUTORIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Carefully go through the tutorial, step by step. You may return to any section, as necessary. Once you are satisfied that you understand the concepts and procedures, click CLOSE to get out of the tutorial mode. You will then be taken to the post-quiz. CLICK TO CONTINUE

2. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ELEMENTS versus COMPOUNDS) Element (hydrogen): H2 Compound (carbon monoxide): CO CLICK TO CONTINUE

3. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (IONIC versus COVALENT BONDS) Na· + Cl → Na+ + ·Cl- H· + · Cl → H : Cl CLICK TO CONTINUE

4. H : Cl Na+Cl- covalent ionic LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (IONIC versus COVALENT BONDS) CLICK TO CONTINUE

5. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (IONIC versus MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS) HCl H Cl Cl H H Cl Cl Cl H H Cl- Na+ Cl- Na+ Na+ Cl- Na+ Cl- Na+ Na+ Cl- Na+Cl- Cl-Na+Cl-

6. (IONIC versus MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS) HHClClCl HClCl H HHCl ClHCl HCl HCl H H HClCl CLICK TO CONTINUE

7. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (SINGLE COVALENT BOND) HCl CLICK TO CONTINUE

8. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (DOUBLE COVALENT BOND) O = O CLICK TO CONTINUE

9. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (TRIPLE COVALENT BOND) C ΞN- CLICK TO CONTINUE

10. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (LEWIS THEORY OF BONDING) IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA CLICK TO CONTINUE

11. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (LEWIS THEORY OF BONDING) Exception: H· nonmetal

12. (LEWIS THEORY OF BONDING) . . . . Na· + ·Cl: → [Na]+ + [:Cl:]-. . . . sodium chlorine sodium chlorine atom atom cation anion Group IA Group VIIA

13. (LEWIS THEORY OF BONDING) · ·· · H· + · Cl : → H :Cl : · · · · Group IA Group VIIA CLICK TO CONTINUE

14. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (NONPOLAR versus POLAR BONDS) . . H : Cl : . . δ+ δ- . .. . : Cl :Cl : . .. . H :H nonpolar nonpolar polar CLICK TO CONTINUE

15. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (NONPOLAR versus POLAR MOLECULES) O: :O : O nonpolar CLICK TO CONTINUE

16. . . F . . B : : FF . . F : F F S . . . . : F F F nonpolar nonpolar LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (NONPOLAR versus POLAR MOLECULES) CLICK TO CONTINUE

17. Cl δ- O : : HHδ+ : Cl I : : Cl δ+ δ- polar polar LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (NONPOLAR versus POLAR MOLECULES) CLICK TO CONTINUE

18. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (OCTET RULE DISOBEYED) H . . B :: HH H:Be:H CLICK TO CONTINUE

19. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (OCTET RULE DISOBEYED) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CLICK TO CONTINUE

20. (OCTET RULE DISOBEYED) I : I Cl Cl . . I P . . Xe : I . . Cl Cl I . . . . . . . . . . . . CLICK TO CONTINUE

21. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (VALENCE BOND THEORY OF BONDING) s orbitals, p orbitals CLICK TO CONTINUE

22. H Be H LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (HYBRID ORBITALS) 1 s orbital + 1 p orbital → 2 sphybrid orbitals CLICK TO CONTINUE

23. (HYBRID ORBITALS) F B F F 1 s orbital + 2 p orbitals → 3 sp2hybrid orbitals CLICK TO CONTINUE

24. (HYBRID ORBITALS) H C H HH 1 s orbital + 3 p orbitals → 4 sp3hybrid orbitals CLICK TO CONTINUE

25. (HYBRID ORBITALS) I I I P II (P – Group 5) • d orbital + 1 s orbital + 3 p orbitals → • 5 dsp3hybrid orbitals CLICK TO CONTINUE

26. (HYBRID ORBITALS) F F F S F F (S – Group 6) F 2 d orbitals + 1 s orbital + 3 p orbitals → 6 d2sp3hybrid orbitals CLICK TO CONTINUE

27. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) region of high electron density  single bond or double bond or triple bond or pair of nonbonding electrons CLICK TO CONTINUE

28. LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) H Be H : : electronic geometry –linear molecular geometry –linear (Be – Group IIA) CLICK TO CONTINUE

29. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) F : . . . . B F F electronic geometry –trigonal planar molecular geometry –trigonal planar (B – Group IIIA) CLICK TO CONTINUE

30. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) H : C . . . H . . . H H electronic geometry –tetrahedral molecular geometry – tetrahedral (C – Group IVA) CLICK TO CONTINUE

31. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) I : . I . . . P I . . I : I electronic geometry –trigonal bipyramid molecular geometry –trigonal bipyramid (P – Group VA) CLICK TO CONTINUE

32. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) F F : F . . . . S . . . . F : F F electronic geometry –octahedral molecular geometry –octahedral (S – Group VIA) CLICK TO CONTINUE

33. .. O O O LISTEN THOUGHTFULLY GO AT YOUR OWN PACE MAKE NOTES AS NECESSARY (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) hybridization – sp2 electronic geometry – trigonal planar molecular geometry – angular or bent CLICK TO CONTINUE

34. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) .. N H H H hybridization – sp3 electronic geometry – tetrahedral molecular geometry – trigonal pyramid CLICK TO CONTINUE

35. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) :O: H H hybridization – sp3 electronic geometry – tetrahedral molecular geometry – angular or bent CLICK TO CONTINUE

36. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) . . - :O: H hybridization – sp3 electronic geometry – tetrahedral molecular geometry – linear CLICK TO CONTINUE

37. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) F F : S F F hybridization – dsp3 electronic geometry – trigonal bipyramid molecular geometry – see-saw CLICK TO CONTINUE

38. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) Cl ::I Cl Cl (I – Group VIIA) hybridization – dsp3 electronic geometry – trigonal bipyramid molecular geometry – T-shaped CLICK TO CONTINUE

39. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) H ::Xe: H (Xe – Group VIIIA) hybridization – dsp3 electronic geometry – trigonal bipyramid molecular geometry – linear CLICK TO CONTINUE

40. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) F .. Br F F F F hybridization – d2sp3 electronic geometry – octahedral molecular geometry – square pyramid CLICK TO CONTINUE

41. (ELECTRONIC and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY) Cl Cl :Xe: Cl Cl hybridization – d2sp3 electronic geometry – octahedral molecular geometry – square planar CLICK TO CONTINUE

42. VALENCE BOND THEORY SUMMARIZATION TABLE No. of electron pairs Hybrid-ization Electronic geometry No. of lone pairs No. of bonds Molecular geometry Example and polarity 2 sp linear 0 2 linear BeH2 nonpolar 3 sp2 trigonal planar 0 1 3 2 trigonal planar angular BF3 nonpolar O3 nonpolar CLICK TO CONTINUE

43. VALENCE BOND THEORY SUMMARIZATION TABLE (cont’d) No. of electron pairs Hybrid-ization Electronic geometry No. of lone pairs No. of bonds Molecular geometry Example and polarity 4 sp3 tetrahedral 0 1 2 4 3 2 tetrahedral trigonal pyramid angular or bent CH4 nonpolar NH3 polar H2O polar CLICK TO CONTINUE

44. VALENCE BOND THEORY SUMMARIZATION TABLE (cont’d) No. of electron pairs Hybridi-zation Electronic geometry No. of lone pairs No. of bonds Molecular geometry Example and polarity 5 dsp3 trigonal bipyramid 0 1 2 3 5 4 3 2 trigonal bipyramid see-saw T-shaped linear PCl5 nonpolar SF4 polar ICl3 polar XeF2 nonpolar CLICK TO CONTINUE

45. VALENCE BOND THEORY SUMMARIZATION TABLE (cont’d) No. of electron pairs Hybridi-zation Electronic geometry No. of lone pairs No. of bonds Molecular geometry Example and polarity 6 d2sp3 octahedral 0 1 2 6 5 4 octahedral square pyramid square planar SF6 polar BrF3 nonpolar XeF4 polar END OF TUTORIAL CLICK TO CONTINUE

46. RETURN TO TUTORIAL OR CLOSE and GO TO POST-QUIZ