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Chapter 14 Section 2 Social Crises, War, and Revolution

Chapter 14 Section 2 Social Crises, War, and Revolution. Learning Objectives The students will be able to:. List the causes and results of the Thirty Years War

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Chapter 14 Section 2 Social Crises, War, and Revolution

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  1. Chapter 14Section 2Social Crises, War, and Revolution

  2. Learning ObjectivesThe students will be able to: • List the causes and results of the Thirty Years War • Identify the causes and evaluate the effects of the English Revolution including examples of political, economic, and social oppression and violation of human rights • Summarize the ideas from the English Revolution concerning separation of power, liberty, and equality.

  3. Economic and Social Crises • Inflation • Economic slowdown • Population decline

  4. Witchcraft Trials • Inquisition extended into concern about witchcraft • More than 100 thousand charged – mostly single or widowed women over 50

  5. Thirty Years' War • Called “the last of the religious wars” • Began as a struggle between Catholic forces and Protestant nobles • Most destructive conflict Europe experienced thus far • ALL major European powers except England become involved in this conflict.

  6. Most battles fought on German soil Germany crushed - 4 million died

  7. Peace of Westphalia 1648 • Officially ended the war • Stated all German states could determine their own religion

  8. Results of The Thirty Years War: • Ended the idea of a Catholic empire • made birth of modern states possible

  9. Effects of Thirty Years’ War • Germany was plundered and destroyed • More than 300 states of the Holy Roman Empire were recognized as independent • Germany would not be reunited again until 200 years later.

  10. EnglishConstitutionalMonarchy Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY Provided information for this powerpoint. Carol Rioux Kingwood High School Kingwood Texas

  11. 1603 Elizabeth I Dies

  12. The Stuart Monarchy

  13. James I [r. 1603-1625] A staunch advocate of divine right of kings. Wrote Trew Law of Free Monarchy – suggested that king only had to answer to God and was not bound by old policies or agreements.

  14. King James Bible, 1611

  15. Charles I [r. 1625-1649]

  16. The Petition of Right, 1628 • According to the Petition, the monarchy could not: • imprison subjects without due cause. • force loans or levy taxes without the consent of Parliament. • house soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent. • impose martial law in peacetime. “The Stuart Magna Carta”

  17. Revolution in England Struggle between the king and parliament in determining what role each should play in governing England

  18. Civil War (1621-1649) Royalists(Cavaliers) Parliamentarians(Roundheads) • House of Lords • Aristocracy • Large landowners • Church officials • More rural, less prosperous • Anyone who disagreed with Puritans on political or religious issues • House of Commons • Puritans • Merchants • Townspeople • More urban , more prosperous • Anyone who believed the powers of the king should be curbed

  19. Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658]The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]

  20. New Model Army • Made up of extreme Puritans called Independents • Believed were doing battle for God • Well disciplined & trained

  21. “Rump Parliament” Cromwell purged Parliament of anyone who did not support him

  22. The Beheading of Charles IJanuary 30, 1649

  23. Cromwell • Declares England a commonwealth (republic) • Establishes a military dictatorship • Disperses the Rump Parliament

  24. The Restoration 1660 • After death of Cromwell, Parliament asks Charles II to return to Monarchy • Parliament restored the Church of England and limited the rights of Catholics & Puritans

  25. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] • “The Merry Monarch” • Had charm, poise, & political skills • Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and brothels closed during Cromwell’s reign • Favored religious toleration • sympathized withCatholics • Realized that he could not repeat the mistakes his father had made • When had a conflict with Parliament, gave in

  26. Test Act • Charles favored religious toleration • Protestants feared he would appoint Catholics to public office so passed the Test Act • 1673  Test Act • Required all government officials to attend Anglican services

  27. King James II [r. 1685-1688] • Was a bigoted convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II’s shrewdness or ability to compromise. • Ignored the Test Act & appointed Catholics to office • Provoked the revolution that Charles II had succeeded in avoiding

  28. The “Glorious” Revolution • Parliament offered the throne jointly to James II’s daughter Mary [raised a Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange • James fled to France • No bloodshed = “glorious” • Destroyed the divine-right theory of kingship

  29. Glorious Revolution • Brought William and Mary to the throne • Had to support a Parliament • Was a bloodless revolution • Had to sign the Bill of Rights

  30. English Bill of Rights [1689] • It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament. • It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights. • It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England.

  31. English Bill of Rights [1689] • Main provisions: • The King could not suspend the operation of laws. • The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice. • No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. • Freedom of speech in Parliament. • Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. • Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. • The monarch must be a Protestant. • Freedom from arbitrary arrest. • Censorship of the press was dropped. • Religious toleration of all Protestants; Catholics still penalized

  32. English Bill of Rights • Foundation for a constitutional monarchy • It did not create a democracy in England. Only those who had wealth, land and property could vote and sit in Parliament. • Power was transfer from monarch to aristocratic dominated Parliament.

  33. Toleration Act of 1689 • Granted all Protestants freedom of worship, but not Catholics

  34. Habeas Corpus Act (1697) • Safeguard against absolute rule • Any unjustly imprisoned person could obtain a writ of habeas corpus compelling the government to explain why he had lost his liberty

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