1 / 27

Blood Types

Blood Types. A B AB O. Four major types of blood . A, B, AB, and O . Inherited from parents. Determined by presence or absence of an ANTIGEN on the surface of the red blood cell. In 1901, Austrian immunologist: Karl Landsteiner discovered blood may be grouped into four main types.

alowell
Download Presentation

Blood Types

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Blood Types A B AB O

  2. Four major types of blood . • A, B, AB, and O. • Inherited from parents. • Determined by presence or absence of an ANTIGEN on the surface of the red blood cell

  3. In 1901, Austrian immunologist: Karl Landsteiner discovered blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. Check your knowledge of medical history... 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  4. Universal DonorO Antigens • Blood protein • Located on the surface of the red blood cell. • Either the person has it or doesn’t have on the blood cell. • Someone with type A blood have the A antigen, Someone with type B blood have the B antigen, type AB has both A and B antigen, and type O has neither of the antigens Universal Recipient AB

  5. Antibody – a protein in the plasma that will inactivate a foreign substance that enters the body Punnet t square • Someone with type A blood has b antibodies • Someone with type B blood has a antibodies • Someone with type AB blood has no antibodies • Someone with type O blood has a and b antibodies.

  6. In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. Rh factor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  7. Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy. Rh factor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  8. Red Cells Also may Contain Rh factor • If you have it, you’re Rh + • If you don’t, you’re Rh – • When an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ baby, the baby’s blood (usually during delivery) can mix with the mom’s blood, causing the mom’s blood to make anti Rh antibodies.

  9. If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. Rh factor Did you know??? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

  10. If the mom gets pregnant again with another Rh+ positive baby, her anti Rh antibodies will attack the baby’s blood, causing Erythroblastosis Fetalis • RHO Gam will destroy any baby blood cells in the mom, and her immune system won’t produce antibodies. • Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection That is why research is being done on umbilical cord blood.

  11. Anemia Deficiency in number or % of red blood cells Iron Deficiency Anemia Usually in women, children and adolescents Deficiency of iron in the diet causing insufficient hemoglobin synthesis Treat with iron supplements and green, leafy vegetables Disorder of the Blood…

  12. Polycythemia Plasma • too many RBC • normally caused by other medical condition (secondary) • Primary cases are rare • S&S: bruising, HA, easy bleeding, bone and joint pain, itching, fatigue, dizziness and stomach pain, blood clot formation • Tx: Dependent upon cause, may be O2 Cellular elements 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

  13. Sickle Cell Anemia Chronic blood disease inherited from both parents Causes the red cells to form in abnormal sickle shape Sickle cells break easily and carry less oxygen Occurs primarily in African Americans Treatment – blood transfusion

  14. Embolism • Air, blood clot , cancer cells, fat, etc. that is carried by the bloodstream until it reaches an artery too small for passage • Also known as a “moving blood clot”

  15. Thrombosis • The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel • The blood clot is a THROMBUS

  16. What is the difference between an embolism and a thrombus? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

  17. Hematoma • Localized clotted mass of blood found in an organ tissue or space. • Caused by an injury that can cause a blood vessel to rupture. Contusion (bruise) • blunt force trauma or injury without skin breakage • S/S: pain, swelling and discoloration • Tx: cold applications, firm bandage, elevation, heat application and massage

  18. Blood disorders Hematoma vs contusion 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

  19. Hemophilia • Hereditary • Missing clotting factor • Blood clots slow or abnormally • Sex linked – transmitted genetically from mothers to sons • Treat with missing clotting factor, avoid trauma.

  20. Blood disorders What is hemophilia? How do you get it? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

  21. Leukemia Malignant condition Overproduction of immature white blood cells Research on cord blood.

  22. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

  23. Multiple Myeloma • Neoplastic disease which forms multiple tumors • related to lymphoma and leukemia, because it usually arises in the bone marrow. • There is no cure for multiple myeloma, but treatments are available that slow its progression. • S/S: anemia, bone pain, weight loss, confusion, excessive thirst • Tx: Autologous stem cell transplant

  24. Septicemia AKA: sepsis/blood poisoning Causes: pathogen in the blood Tx: antibiotics, fluids and medicines, Oxygen, plasma or other blood products to correct any clotting problems

  25. Test Your Gray Matter… AB Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection He/she would develop Rh antibodies Antigen An Rh negative mother White blood cell count is low Erthroblastosis fetalis Abcess

  26. Anemia Sickle cell anemia Hemophilia

More Related