180 likes | 268 Views
BLOOD TYPES. REVIEW. What is an antigen? A substance that can cause an immune response What is an antibody? Proteins in the blood that help destroy foreign substances. The Blood Types Are. A B AB O. What determines blood type?.
E N D
REVIEW What is an antigen? A substance that can cause an immune response What is an antibody? Proteins in the blood that help destroy foreign substances
The Blood Types Are A B AB O
What determines blood type? • Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens (proteins) on the surface of the red blood cells
The antigens are called A and B • Blood type A has the A antigen • Blood type B has the B antigen • Blood type AB has both A and B antigens • Blood type O doesn’t have either antigen
In addition, the plasma contains antibodies that react with the antigens the blood does not have (they detect foreign cells) • Blood type A contains anti-b antibodies • Blood type B contains anti-a antibodies • Blood type AB doesn’t have either antibody • Blood type O has both anti-a and anti-b antibodies
Blood Donations • When transfusions were first attempted, death sometimes occurred due to the agglutination which is the clumping of blood.
For a blood donation to be safe the recipients' blood must not contain antibodies that will react with the antigens on the donors red blood cells
For Example: Would it be safe for a person with Type A blood to receive a transfusion from a person with type B blood? Why?
No - because the Anti B antibodies in the A blood plasma will react with the B antigens on the B red blood cells and agglutination will occur.
RH Factor • The Rh factor is another antigen found on the red blood cells of approximately 85% of the population • Rh positive people have the antigen • Rh negative people lack the antigen
Rh factor • The Rh factor can be a problem when an Rh negative mother is pregnant with an Rh positive baby. • The mother will build antibodies against the child
BLOOD TYPE AB IS THE UNIVERSAL RECIEPENT • BLOOD TYPE O IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR