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HISTORY 4130 6.0 The Inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheater, AD 80

HISTORY 4130 6.0 The Inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheater, AD 80. Genevieve Durigon. Selected Bibliography. Martialis de spectaculus liber . Shakelton Bailey, trans & ed (1993) Epigrams Volume I (Harvard Unviersity Press) pp 12-39.

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HISTORY 4130 6.0 The Inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheater, AD 80

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  1. HISTORY 4130 6.0The Inauguration of the Flavian Amphitheater, AD 80 Genevieve Durigon

  2. Selected Bibliography • Martialis de spectaculus liber. Shakelton Bailey, trans & ed (1993) Epigrams Volume I (Harvard Unviersity Press) pp 12-39. • Cassius Dio Cocceianus LXVI. E Cay & H Foster, trans (1925) Roman History: Volume III Books 61-70 (Harvard University Press) pp 311-313. • Suetonius Titus • Kathleen Coleman (1997) ‘The contagion of the throng’: absorbing violence in the Roman world. Eur Rev5: 401-417. • Alison Futrell (1997) Blood in the arena (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press). • CIL, vol XIV, no 3,014 (=Dessau no 6,252) • N Lewis & M Reinhold (2000) Roman Civilizations Volume II 3rd Ed. (New York: Columbia University Press) p 274. • William J Slater, ed. (1997) Roman theatre and society. (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press) pp 68-112. Chapter by J Edmondson

  3. Brief History of the Amphitheater • Concept of Amphitheater • Curio, 53 BC • Wooden amphitheaters built shortly thereafter • First stone amphitheater in Rome • Built by Statilius Taurus, 29 BC. • Provided venue for Roman Spectacle • Previously held in temporary structures in open field or in the Forum http://int.tourisme.ville-arles.fr/UK/a2/a2a1.htm

  4. amphitheatrumCaesareum Vespasian Domitian Titus • Completed in 10 years http://www.accla.org/images/vespasian.jpg http://www.accla.org/actaaccla/domitian.html AD 85 AD 75 http://www.accla.org/actaaccla/titus.html AD 80

  5. The Flavian Amphitheater http://www.legionxxiv.org/colosseum/ http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/gladiatr/colcoin.htm

  6. The Flavian Amphitheater http://www.legionxxiv.org/colosseum/

  7. The Flavian Amphitheater http://www.legionxxiv.org/colosseum/

  8. The Flavian Amphitheater http://subject.jccssyl.edu.hk/subjects/history/subhtml/library/images/Rome/COLOSSEUM.jpg

  9. The Flavian Amphitheater • Enormous capacity • 40-60,000 people • Architectural model for all other amphitheaters • Symbol of Roman culture http://www.gardkarlsen.com/rome/colosseum_from_Via_dei_fori_imperiali.jpg

  10. The Inauguration of the Colosseum • Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Book LXVI), Suetonius (Titus, 7) & Martialis (de spectaculis liber) • 100-day festival • Naval battles (artificial lake) • Infantry battles • Gladiatorial Shows (munera) • Wild beast hunts (venationes) Marcus Valerius Martialis AD 43-117 http://www.hermetic.com/sabazius/martial.htm http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/pics/gladiators-colosseum/StoraxRelief.jpg

  11. Function of the Amphitheater • Venue for Roman Spectacle • Particularly bloodsport • munera (gladitorial shows) & venationes (wild beast hunts) http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/bestiarii.jpg

  12. Symbolism of Bloodsport • Origins • Mythic & Religious Associations • virtus (Coleman 1997, Futrell 1997, Edmondson 1997) http://www.nashfordpublishing.co.uk/archaeology/images/bignor_gladiators.jpg

  13. Spectacle & Social Relations • Promotes social unity • Spectators vs. participants (Futrell, 1997 & Edmondson, 1997) • Crime & Punishment • Reinforces Social Demarcations (Edmondson, 1997) • Vertical • Horizontal http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rgls/ho_81.10.245.htm

  14. Political Propaganda • Provide entertainment • Reassure the masses • Reenact historical events and/or recent battles • Social identity • Self-validating • Distraction from bad government http://www.indiana.edu/~c494troy/Empire/tomb_gladiator_frieze.jpg

  15. Gift Giving & Reciprocity for the Politically Ambitious • Gauge/sway public opinion (Coleman, 1997 & Edmondson, 1997) • Give gift of entertainment to the masses and gain favour • Place in social order is maintained or elevated • Or is it? http://www.fotosearch.com/thumb/ICL/ICL154/BIM_092.jpg

  16. Thoughts to the Contrary:Potential Theme of Essay • Bloodsport became an industry integral to the Roman bureaucracy • Spectacle became part of tradition • Effectiveness as a political tool is questionable • Amphitheater as arena for social politics • Over-stated

  17. The End Any comments? Thoughts? Concerns? Questions?

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