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Flax Fiber as Reinforcement in Recycled Tire Rubber and Thermoplastics Composite

Flax Fiber as Reinforcement in Recycled Tire Rubber and Thermoplastics Composite. Paper No. CSBE08-191. Jimmy Fung and Satya Panigrahi Agricultural & Bioresource Engineering Dept. University of Saskatchewan CSBE/SCGAB 2008 Annual Conference Vancouver, British Columbia July 13 - 16, 2008.

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Flax Fiber as Reinforcement in Recycled Tire Rubber and Thermoplastics Composite

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  1. Flax Fiber as Reinforcement in Recycled Tire Rubber and Thermoplastics Composite Paper No. CSBE08-191 Jimmy Fung and Satya Panigrahi Agricultural & Bioresource Engineering Dept. University of Saskatchewan CSBE/SCGAB 2008 Annual Conference Vancouver, British Columbia July 13 - 16, 2008

  2. Outline • Introduction • Objectives • Materials • Experimental Method • Results & Discussions • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Natural fibers have been used as the reinforcement in plastic industry • Advantages with natural fiber: lower density, lower processing temperature, non-abrasive nature, renewable and relatively cheaper in cost • Scrap rubber: non-degradable, e.g. wasted carpet rubber underlay, industrial wasted rubber and wasted tires • Serious solid waste disposal andhazard environmental problem

  4. Introduction (con’t) • Developing new and innovative materials utilizing agricultural residue and recycled polymer • Reduction of CO2 • Add crop’s economic value • Recycling

  5. Objectives • Investigate a viable biocomposite material from the flax fiber/shive, recycled tire rubber and thermoplastics • Develop the extrusion and compression molding process on this composite material

  6. Materials Saskatchewan-grown oilseed flax fiber • Contains 80% fiber, 20% shives • Without any treatment • Thermal degradation temperature: • Cellulose: 300ºC • Hemicellulose: 220 to 280ºC • Lignin:280 to 300ºC Decorticated Flax Fiber Oilseed Flax Field Retted Flax Bale

  7. Materials (con’t) Recycled ground tire rubber (GTR) • Size about 0.4 mm, density 1226 kg/m3 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) • Melting temperature is at 127 oC; and crystallization temperature is 112.7 oC Lubricant • Improve the process smoothness

  8. Experimental Method

  9. Composite Preparation • Flax fiber – size used through 2 mm screen • Mix the materials in different composition ratio • Blend the mixture with mixer

  10. Processing Procedure Extrusion • Single-screw extruder • Cross-linked rubber can be broken under high shear stress and high temperature • Fiber mixed into the polymer • Max temperature used: 200°C Compression Molding • Heated press into 20 cm x 20 cm square shape sample • Heating temperature: 150°C Extruder Heated press

  11. Material & Properties Tests • Tearing test : ASTM D624-00 • Tensile test : ASTM D412-98a • Water absorption test: ASTM D570-98 • Durometer hardness test : ASTM D2240-02b Dumbbell tensile test specimens Instron testing machine Type C tearing test specimen

  12. Results & Discussions Tearing test results of the biocomposites

  13. Results & Discussions (con’t) Tensile test results (in yield stress) of the biocomposites

  14. Results & Discussions (con’t) Tensile test results (in Young’s modulus) of the biocomposites

  15. Results & Discussions (con’t) Water Absorption test results of the biocomposites

  16. Results & Discussions (con’t) Hardness test results of the biocomposites

  17. Conclusion • Composite can be done through the extrusion and compression molding processes • Flax fiber has been successfully demonstrated as the reinforcement in the biocomposite • Tensile yield strength and stiffness of GTR - LLDPE composite are improved with adding flax fiber content • Higher LLDPE content exhibited higher tensile strength, better stiffness, improved tear strength, less water absorption and harder

  18. Acknowledgements • Saskatchewan Agriculture Research Chair Program in Engineering. • NSERC • Biofibre Industries Ltd. • SaskBet Inc • Department of Agriculture and Bioresource Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan

  19. References • Fukumori, K. and M. Matsushita. 2003. Material Recycling Technology of Crosslinked Rubber Waste – Review. R&D Review of Toyota CRDL. Vol. 38 No. 1. Science Links Japan. Available at: http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/journal/R/ G0820B/ 2003.php (Accessed 29 September 2007) • Mohanty, A.K., M. Misra and L.T. Drzal. 2001. Surface modifications of natural fibers and performance of the resulting biocomposites: An overview. Composite Interfaces. Vol. 8: 313-343. • Saheb, N.D. and J.P. Jog. 1999. Natural fiber polymer composites: A review. In Advance in Polymer Technology. Vol. 18, No. 4, 351-363. • Van de Velde, K. and P. Kiekens. 2002. Thermal degradation of flax: the determination of kinetic parameters with thermogravimetric analysis. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Vol. 3: 2634-2643.

  20. Thank YouQuestions?

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