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Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter. What is matter?. Matter , the material of which the universe is composed, may be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass Mass is a measure of quantity of matter. How can we classify a material?. by its chemical constitution as an element ,

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Classification of Matter

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  1. Classification of Matter

  2. What is matter? Matter, the material of which the universe is composed, may be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass Mass is a measure of quantity of matter

  3. How can we classify a material? • by its chemical constitution as an element, a compound, or a mixture • by its physical state as solid, liquid, or gas

  4. Element • A pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances

  5. At present 114 different elements are known About 90 of the elements can be extracted from natural sources, but only about 30 elements are fairly common

  6. Elements of the living organism: • 11 elements can be found in the living organism in large quantity: • H, C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca

  7. 7elements in small quantity: • Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, I, Mo • 7 elements are important only for a few species: • B, F, Si, V, Cr, Se, Sn

  8. Compound • A pure substance that is composed of • two or more elements in fixed proportions • and that can be chemically decomposed into these elements • e.g. water:11.19% hydrogen • 88.81% oxygen • iron (III) oxyde: 70.0% iron • 30.0% oxygen

  9. Known compounds: • over 10 000 inorganic • over 5 000 000 organic

  10. Mixtures Consist two or more pure substances and have variable composition • Heterogeneous mixture is not uniform throughout but consists of parts that are physically distinct (iron + sulfur; iron + sand) • Homogeneous mixture appears uniform throughout and is usually called a solution (air, salt in water, silver-gold alloy)

  11. MATTER • Heterogeneousby physicalHomogeneous • mixturesmeans intomatter • Homogeneousby physicalPuresubstances • mixturesmeans into • Compoundsby chemicalElements • means into

  12. Gas: atoms, ions, or molecules in constant, random • motion through mostly empty space • Liquid: atoms, ions, or molecules closely spaced and in • constant motion • Solid: atoms, ions, or molecules at closely spaced, • approximately fixed sites

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