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KEWIRAUSAHAAN dan Etika Bisnis

KEWIRAUSAHAAN dan Etika Bisnis. Manajemen dan Bisnis Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung . Business. An organisation that provides goods or services to earn profit. Profits. The difference between a business’s revenues and its expenses

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KEWIRAUSAHAAN dan Etika Bisnis

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  1. KEWIRAUSAHAAN dan Etika Bisnis Manajemen dan Bisnis Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung

  2. Business An organisation that provides goods or services to earn profit

  3. Profits The difference between a business’s revenues and its expenses In business profit could be divine into: Tangible : Asset, Money, Factory, etc Intangible : Trust, Image, Goodwill, etc

  4. Top 5 pengusaha Indonesia • Keluarga Gudang Garam • Keluarga Djarum • Keluarga Sampoerna • Keluarga Bakrie • Group Salim

  5. USAHA KECIL ONE MAN ENTERPRISE D E V E L O P M E N T FAMILY ENTERPRISE SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISE MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISE BIG SCALE ENTERPRISE

  6. AKTIVITAS USAHA KECIL • PRODUCT – PRODUCING FIRMS • MANUFACTURING • MINING • FORESTRY • FISHERY • AGRICULTURE

  7. AKTIVITAS USAHA KECIL 2 B. PRODUCER OF PRODUCT AND SERVICE COMBINATION • WHOLESALE FIRMS • RETAIL STORE C. PROVIDER OF SERVICE • SERVICE FIRMS • FINANCE FIRMS

  8. ENTREPRENEUR SESEORANG YANG MEMPUNYAI KREATIVITAS SUATU BISNIS BARU DALAM MENGHADAPI RESIKO DAN KETIDAKPASTIAN YANG BERTUJUAN UNTUK PENCAPAIAN LABA DAN PERTUMBUHAN USAHA BERDASARKAN IDENTIFIKASI PELUANG DAN MENDAYAGUNAKAN SUMBER-SUMBER SERTA MEMODALI PELUANG TERSEBUT

  9. CIRI-CIRI ENTREPRENEUR • MEMPUNYAI HASRAT UNTUK SELALU BERTANGGUNG JAWAB BISNIS DAN SOSIAL • KOMITMEN TERHADAP TUGAS • MEMILIH RESIKO YANG MODERAT • MERAHASIAKAN KEMAMPUAN UNTUK SUKSES • CEPAT MELIHAT PELUANG

  10. CIRI-CIRI ENTREPRENEUR 2 • ORIENTASI KE MASA DEPAN • SELALU MELIHAT KEMBALI PRESTASI MASA LALU • SIKAP HAUS TERHADAP “MONEY” • SKILL DALAM ORGANISASI • TOLERANSI TERHADAP AMBISI • FLEKSIBILITAS TINGGI

  11. CIRI-CIRI PERUSAHAAN KECIL • MANAJEMEN BERDIRI SENDIRI • MODAL DISEDIAKAN OLEH SEORANG PEMILIK ATAU SEKELOMPOK KECIL • DAERAH OPERASINYA LOKAL • UKURAN DALAM KESELURUHAN RELATIF KECIL

  12. PERUSAHAAN KECIL UMUMNYA DIKELOLA PEMILIK STRUKTUR ORGANISASI SEDERHANA PEMILIK MENGENAL KARYAWAN PROSENTASE KEGAGALAN PERUSAHAAN TINGGI KEKURANGAN MANAJER yang AHLI Modal JANGKA PANJANG SULIT DIPEROLEH PERUSAHAAN BESAR DIKELOLA BUKAN OLEH PEMILIK STRUKTUR ORGANISASI KOMPLEKS PEMILIK MENGENAL SEDIKIT KARYAWAN PROSENTASI KEGAGALAN RENDAH BANYAK AHLI MANAJEMEN MODAL JANGKA PANJANG RELATIF MUDAH DIPEROLEH PERBEDAAN DENGAN PERUSAHAAN BESAR

  13. KEKUATAN PERUSAHAAN KECIL • KEBEBASAN UNTUK BERTINDAK • MENYESUAIKAN KEPADA KEBUTUHAN SETEMPAT • PERAN SERTA DALAM MELAKUKAN USAHA/TINDAKAN

  14. KEKURANGAN PERUSAHAAN KECIL • RELATIF LEMAH DALAM SPESIALISASI • MODAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN TERBATAS • KARYAWAN RELATIF SULIT UNTUK MENDAPAT YANG CAKAP

  15. FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEBERHASILAN USAHA • MENGEMBANGKAN RENCANA PERUSAHAAN • KEMAMPUAN MANAJEMEN • MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN MODAL

  16. UNSUR UTAMA DALAM RENCANA USAHA A. PROFIL PRIBADI • KELAYAKAN KREDI, REFERENSI-REFERENSI • RESUME TENTANG PENGALAMAN PERUSAHAAN • REFERENSI-REFERENSI PRIBADI

  17. UNSUR UTAMA DALAM RENCANA USAHA 2 B. PROFIL PERUSAHAAN • SEJARAH PERUSAHAAN • ANALISIS PASAR DAN PESAING • STRATEGI PERSAINGAN DAN RENCANA OPERASI • RENCANA ARUS KAS “CASH FLOW” • ANALISA BREAK EVENT

  18. UNSUR UTAMA DALAM RENCANA USAHA 3 C. PAKET PINJAMAN • JUMLAH YANG DIMINTA • JENIS PINJAMAN YANG DIMINTA • ALASAN PEMBENARAN • KETENTUAN-KETENTUAN DAN JADWAL PEMBAYARAN KEMBALI

  19. KEMAMPUAN MANAJEMEN • PERSONIL • FASILITAS FISIK • AKUNTANSI • KEUANGAN • PEMBELIAN • PENGURUSAN BARANG DAGANGAN • PENJUALAN • ADVERTENSI • RESIKO • PENYELENGGARAAN SEHARI-HARI

  20. JENIS MODAL • MODAL KERJA (WORKING CAPITAL) • MODAL PEMILIK (EQUITY CAPITAL) • MODAL SENDIRI • MODAL VENTURA

  21. SEBAB-SEBAB KEGAGALAN • STRUKTUR MODAL YANG TIDAK MEMADAI • PENGGUNAAN METODA DAN PERALATAN YANG SUDAH USANG • TIDAK ADANYA PERENCANAAN JANGKA PANJANG • KECAKAPAN PRIBADI

  22. TANDA-TANDA KEGAGALAN PERUSAHAAN • PENJUALAN MENURUN • PERBANDINGAN UTANG SEMAKIN TINGGI • BIAYA OPERASI MENINGKAT • PENGURANGAN DALAM MODAL KERJA • KEUNTUNGAN MENURUN/ KERUGIAN MENINGKAT

  23. SOLUSI UNTUK MENGHINDARI KEGAGALAN • MENGURANGI BIAYA OPERASI • MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN • MENINJAU KEMBALI KERUGIAN KREDIT • MENGHINDARI RESIKO • MEMERIKSA KEMBALI PERSEDIAAN

  24. THE MEANING OF ETHICS • Ethics is a set of rules that define right and wrong conduct • Business ethics is the application of general ethical rules to business behavior

  25. Why Is Business Ethics Important? • The general public expects business to exhibit high levels of ethical performance and social responsibility • To prevent harm to society • To protect business firms from abuse by unethical employees or unethical competitors

  26. Why Ethical Problems Occur in Business? • Personal gain • Individual values in conflict with organizational goals • Managers’ values and attitudes • Competitive Pressures • Cross-cultural contradictions

  27. Three Methods of Ethical Reasoning

  28. Social Responsibility... • an organization’s obligation to maximize its positive impact on stakeholders and to minimize its negative impact • includes legal, ethical, economic, and philanthropic (discretionary) dimensions

  29. Legal Dimension... • refers to obeying governmental laws and regulations • civil law: rights & duties of individuals and organizations • criminal law: prohibits specific actions and imposes fines and/or imprisonment as punishment for breaking the law

  30. Ethical Dimension... • behaviors and activities that are expected or prohibited by organizational members, the community, and society (not codified into law) • standards, norms, or expectations that reflect the concern of major stakeholders

  31. Economic Responsibilities... • how resources for the production of goods and services are distributed within the social system • Do you think consumers favor socially responsible companies or are they most enamored with companies that maximize profits?

  32. Foundation principles of corporate social responsibility

  33. The pros and cons of corporate social responsibility Arguments for corporate social responsibility Arguments against corporate social responsibility Balances corporate power with responsibility. Lowers economic efficiency and profit. Discourages government regulation. Imposes unequal costs among competitors. Promotes long-term profits for business. Imposes hidden costs passed on to stakeholders. Responds to changing stakeholders’ demands. Requires social skills business may lack. Corrects social problems caused by business. Places responsibility on business rather than individuals.

  34. Two views of corporate social responsibility • The shareholder view • The only social responsibility of business is to create shareholder wealth. • Corporate management cannot decide what is in the social interest. • The costs of social responsibility which do not increase the value of stock, will be passed on to consumers. • The multiple stakeholders view • All customers and employees are treated with dignity. • Relationships with suppliers must be based on mutual trust. • Belief in fair economic competition. • Business can contribute to social reform and honor human rights.

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