1 / 25

Dear teacher this was adapted from a presentation by: Nancy Dow Jill Hansen Tammy Stundon

Dear teacher this was adapted from a presentation by: Nancy Dow Jill Hansen Tammy Stundon Who teach in Bay County The missing words have been noted for each slide in the “Click to add notes” space at the bottom of each slide. B ENCHMARK

altonj
Download Presentation

Dear teacher this was adapted from a presentation by: Nancy Dow Jill Hansen Tammy Stundon

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Dear teacher this was adapted from a presentation by: • Nancy Dow • Jill Hansen • Tammy Stundon • Who teach in Bay County • The missing words have been noted for each slide in the “Click to add notes” space at the bottom of each slide.

  2. BENCHMARK • SC.912.L.16.1* Use Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. (HIGH) • SC.912.L.16.2* Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant & recessive which are simple inheritance & codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles (complex inheritance). (HIGH) Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards

  3. For Humans: 23 homologous pairs; one chromosome form mom and the other from dad Karyotype -display of pairs of chromosomes Autosomes are chromosomes 1-22 Chromosome pair 23 is your sex chromosomes

  4. Gene - a section of DNA that codes for a ________ • Allele – Any form of a specific gene. You get ____ from each parent. • Dominant Allele - ______case letter • Recessive Allele - ______case letter Genetics

  5. Karyotype - the display of the pair of chromosomes with highlighted alleles • Phenotype - the physical _________ of the alleles • Genotype - allele __________ for a gene of an individual Bb, BB, or bb (B is the dominant allele, b is the recessive allele) • Trait - term for distinguishing phenotypic features or ______________ Genetics

  6. ALLELES INHERITANCE OF GENES Maternal chromosome pair Paternal chromosome pair Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 individual chromosomes) and, thus, two copies of each gene. Gene Maternal gamete: egg Paternal gamete: sperm Each human gamete has just one copy of each chromosome and, thus, one copy of each gene. Gametes unite during fertilization. Child inherits one set of chromosomes from each parent and, thus, two copies of each gene.

  7. What traits will be expressed? For simple inheritance, you only need _____Dominant allele for the Dominant trait to be expressed. Naturally, the only way for a Recessive trait to be expressed is if the person has ______ Recessive alleles. Exceptions 

  8. Heterozygous - a __________ and a _________ allele (Bb) (also called hybrid) Homozygous dominant - ____ dominant alleles (BB) (also called Purebred) Homozygous recessive - ____ recessive alleles (bb) (also called Purebred) Only one dominant allele need to be present to be expressed GeneticsMore Vocabulary

  9. The Punnett square is a grid system for predicting all __________ genotypes resulting from a cross. • The axes representthe possible _________of each parent. • The boxes show thepossible _________of the offspring. Punnett squares illustrate genetic crosses. • The Punnett square yields the ratio of possible ___________and ____________.

  10. __________ crosses examine the inheritance of only ____specific trait. • homozygous dominant X homozygous recessive • Genotype: all heterozygous (100%) • Phenotype: all dominant (100%) A monohybrid cross involves one trait.

  11. PUNNETT SQUARE: ALBINISM A Punnett square is a useful tool for determining the possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals. MOTHER albino homozygous aa Cross 1 (F 1) GAMETES a a FATHER pigmented homozygous AA A Aa Aa GAMETES A Aa Aa Genotype Phenotype OFFSPRING All heterozygousAa All pigmented

  12. If you cross a heterozygous with a heterozygous (Ff X Ff) • What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring? • 1:2:1 homozygous dominant: heterozygous: homozygous recessive; (25%:50%:25%) • What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring? • 3:1 dominant: recessive (75%:25%)

  13. 3:1 RATIO MOTHER pigmented heterozygous Aa Cross 2 (F2) GAMETES A a FATHER pigmented heterozygous Aa A AA Aa GAMETES Your genotype and phenotype results are presented separately a Aa aa Genotype Phenotype OFFSPRING 1/4 homozygous dominant AA 3/4 pigmented 2/4 heterozygous Aa 1/4 homozygous recessive aa 1/4 albino

  14. If you cross a heterozygous with homozygous recessive • (Ff X ff) • What is the genotypic ratio? • 1:1 heterozygous: homozygous recessive • What is the phenotypic ratio? • 1:1 dominant: recessive

  15. A ___________is a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype Why use the recessive phenotype to test an unknown?

  16. number of ways a specific event can occur number of total possible outcomes • Probability = ____________is the likelihood that something will happen. Probability predicts an average number of occurrences, not an exact number of occurrences. Heredity patterns can be calculated with probability. • Probability applies to _________ events such as meiosis and fertilization.

  17. GENETICS AND PROBABILITY IF… The mother is albino, and the father is heterozygous THEN… There is a 100% chance that the mother’s egg will carry the recessive a allele and a 50% chance that a sperm will carry the recessive a allele aa Aa 100% 50% a a A a AND… 0.5 or 50% chance the offspring will be albino. 1.0 0.5 = × Multiply the two components together to determine the overall probability. aa

  18. Goat genetics

  19. Mendel’s dihybrid crosses with heterozygous plants yielded a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. A Dihybrid cross involves _____traits. • Mendel’s dihybrid crosses led to his second law,the _____________________________________. • The law of independent assortment states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis.

  20. Dihybrid Cross:a cross that shows the possible offspring for two traits Coat Texture: R: Rough r: Smooth Fur Color: B: Black b: White In this example, we will cross a heterozygous individual with another heterozygous individual. Their genotypes will be: BbRr x BbRr

  21. BR Br bR br BR Br bR br Dihybrid Crosses:a cross that shows the possible offspring for two traits BbRr x BbRr Fur Color: B: Black b: White Coat Texture: R: Rough r: Smooth Then, find the possible genotypes of the offspring

  22. BR Br bR br BR BBRR BBRr BbRR BbRr Br BBRr BBrr BbRr Bbrr bR BbRR BbRr bbRR bbRr br BbRr Bbrr bbRr bbrr Dihybrid Crosses:a cross that shows the possible offspring for two traits BbRr x BbRr Fur Color: B: Black b: White Coat Texture: R: Rough r: Smooth

  23. BR Br bR br BR BBRR BBRr BbRR BbRr Br BBRr BBrr BbRr Bbrr bR BbRR BbRr bbRR bbRr br BbRr Bbrr bbRr bbrr How many of the offspring would have a black, rough coat? How many of the offspring would have a black, smooth coat? How many of the offspring would have a white, rough coat? How many of the offspring would have a white, smooth coat? Fur Color: B: Black b: White Coat Texture: R: Rough r: Smooth

  24. Nancy Dow • Jill Hansen • Tammy Stundon Adapted from a presentation by:

More Related