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RVF outbreak in SA, Feb - May 2010

Outline. IntroductionRVF in South AfricaCurrent outbreakNational ResponseProvincial ResponseChallengesRecommendations. INTRODUCTION. RVF- Viral zoonosis that can cause severe disease in low proportion of infected humansVirus transmitted by mosquitoes and causes outbreak of abortion and death

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RVF outbreak in SA, Feb - May 2010

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    1. RVF outbreak in SA, Feb - May 2010

    2. Outline Introduction RVF in South Africa Current outbreak National Response Provincial Response Challenges Recommendations

    3. INTRODUCTION RVF- Viral zoonosis that can cause severe disease in low proportion of infected humans Virus transmitted by mosquitoes and causes outbreak of abortion and death of young livestock (sheep, goats, and cattle) Humans infected from contact with infected animals Disease occurs in Africa and Middle East Asia where exceptionally heavy rains favour breeding of mosquitoes vectors

    4. RVF IN SOUTH AFRICA (i) RVF was first reported in SA - 1950-1951 (100 000 died, 500 000 aborted) Last major outbreak of RVF in SA -1974-1976 caused 10,000 to 20 000 human cases Virus thought to be endemic in low lying coastal areas of KZN (small outbreak in dairy herd in Empangeni 1981) and Kruger National Park Small outbreak occurred (abortions in captive bred buffaloes) in Skukuza, 1999

    5. RVF IN SOUTH AFRICA (ii) Fourteen Small outbreaks of RVF occurred in animals MP, LP, GP and NW in 2008 RVF outbreak occurred on farms along Orange River, Northern Cape; two confirmed human cases November- December 2009

    6. CURRENT OUTBREAK 12 Feb.2010, RVF confirmed on 2 sheep farms in Bulfontein area, Free State RVF outbreak confirmed in humans 24 Feb 2010 by Outbreak Response Unit, NICD First confirmed Case; Vet surgeon based in Bloemfontein, has a farm in Winburg, does field visits to farmers in Free State did postmortem on dead lambs (specimen confirm RVF) at a farm 30km from Brandfort, Bulfontein By 30 April: - farms with confirmed animal cases were reported in 7 provinces (except KZN, LP). - > 9000 animal cases with over 5000 deaths

    7. CASE DEFINITION/ CRITERIA FOR LAB TESTING Any person with recent close contact with livestock in or from suspected RVF areas, presenting with: Flu-like illness (may include fever, muscle ache, or headache) or Fever and features of encephalitis, haemorrhage, hepatitis disease and/or occular pathology

    8. Areas with human cases (i) (as of 11 May 2010) Province Cases Deaths Free State 108 9 Eastern Cape 13 0 Northern Cape 58 8 North West 3 0 Western Cape 3 1 Unknown 1 0 Total 186 19 Over 1200 samples tested to date (11 new cases reported last week)

    9. Geographic spread of cases

    10. Distribution of cases by District in Free State, 2010 (N = 103 with 18 missing information)

    11. Distribution of Cases in NC

    12. Epidemic curve of lab confirmed RVF cases by date of onset, 6 May 2010

    14. Number of lab confirmed RVF cases by occupation, SA 3 May 2010

    15. Case management Most cases are mild, managed on outpatient basis (84%); 30 in-patients Distribution of symptoms: majority presented with fever, muscle pains and headache

    16. Manifestation of RVF disease in fatal cases (N=15)

    17. Response by DoH Multisectoral National Outbreak Response (MNORT) team meets regularly – coordination of response Support visits to provinces Regular press releases, media interviews and situation reports being prepared. All the Provincial Communicable Diseases Co-ordinators have been alerted, EPR guidelines and Health workers guidelines for management of RVF disseminated; WHO providing additional technical support. Follow up visit by MNORT to Free State and Northern Cape

    18. Actions by Provincial DoH Outbreak investigations by PDoH and DoA on-going supported by SA-FELTP and NICD Alert and guidelines on RVF have been sent to all districts Investigation of suspects Health promotion and Media briefing

    19. Key issues addressed Strengthened notification of human cases and maintained regular reporting at all levels Provincial Outbreak Response Teams implemented comprehensive action plans; Need to strengthen Health promotion

    20. CHALLENGES Implementation of the communication strategy on prevention and control of RVF (e.g behavior change) Voluntary vaccination of livestock No vaccine available for humans Early detection of the disease: - Most infections in humans asymptomatic - Most people experience flu like illnesses (acute on set of fever, headache, myalgia and photophobia) No specific treatment Rapid spread of infection due to environmental circumstances

    21. Recommendations Implementation of PoA and strengthen coordination of response at all levels Additional resources needed to support the provinces Application was made for additional funding Strengthen health promotion and communication campaign in provinces

    22. Thank you.

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