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The Struggles of Native Americans and Western Pioneers in the Late 1800s

Explore the mistreatment of Native Americans, life on the frontier, railroad expansion, and labor issues during the late 1800s with key figures like Sitting Bull, cowboys, miners, and labor leaders. Witness the challenges faced by various groups as the United States rapidly developed.

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The Struggles of Native Americans and Western Pioneers in the Late 1800s

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  1. Mistreatment of Indians 27 Source http://visualhistory.freewebpages.org/Late1800s.html Little Bighorn Source: http://www.ibiscom.com/images/cu01.jpg : http://www.zulunation.com/images/SITTING_BULL_2.jpg Wounded Knee Source: http://www.iwchildren.org/eagle1/yelobird3.jpg This picture shows a Native American boarding house to assimilate them into “American” society. Many Native Americans were forced onto reservations. Cartoon showing the corruption often present in Indian Affairs. Large stack of buffalo hides shows the level of buffalo massacres. Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce were chased 1,000 miles and forced on reservations. Sitting Bull (L) and Crazy Horse (R) defeated and killed General George Custer (center) and his men at the battle of Little Bighorn in 1876. The Indian Wars ended at the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.

  2. Cattle Drive and the Cowboy 28 Source: http://yes2art.com/g.molstad/paintings/gmpai3cat405.jpg Dime Novels Source http://www.jed.com/poorhouseboy.htm Mining Life Source: http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/images/wimg660/blhlmnr2.gif The life of most cowboys wasn’t like the movies. Most of their time was spent on the ranch or trails herding cattle. Here are some real cowboys next to their “chuck wagon” Once the cattle drive was finished and they were paid, many cowboys visited saloons. Picture of the Famous outlaw Jesse James The stagecoach brought mail and people between towns in the West. These miners worked in a highly mechanized mine. Famous Frederick Remington painting of an Old West Cowboy The cattle drive was why most cowboys were needed in the West.

  3. Homestead Act 29 Source: http://www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndirs/exhibitions/pioneer/images/240.jpg Women in the West Source: http://www.michaelmccurdy.com/west.jpg Life on the Plains Source: http://darwin.gborocollege.edu/facstaff/fords/sod-6.jpg Transcontinental Railroads helped bring people to the frontier. True picture of the land giveaway in Oklahoma Frontier woman hauling buffalo chips for fuel. Sod House in Nebraska Some farmers began to use more modern mechanized farm equipment. The completion of the transcontinental railroads meant farmers had access to far way markets Farmers harvesting using McCormick equipment Homestead Family moving west.

  4. The Grange 30 Source http://visualhistory.freewebpages.org/Late1800s.html Populists Source: http://www.bryan.edu/historical/bryanpose.jpg Gold vs. Silver Election Source:http://www.americasstory.com/assets/aa/bryan/aa_bryan_silver_2_e.jpg: 1874 meeting of the Grange Poster showing various professions around the country and then showing how the farmer is responsible for feeding us all. William Jennings Bryan’s famous “Cross of Gold Speech” Populist and Democratic Candidate for President William Jennings Bryan

  5. Captains of Industry 31 Source: http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/richard.robbins/legacy/Rockfeller_visage.jpg : http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/photos/assets/photos/1043.jpg Transcontinental Railroads Source: http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/images/promontory_point_utah.jpg Effects of the Railroads Source: http://www.manifold.net/news/timezones.jpg The first oil in the US was found by Francis Drake in Titusville Pennsylvania Thomas Edison with his newly invented phonograph Andrew Carnegie Cornelius Vanderbilt Railroads helped to standardize the nation with time zone creations Edison and his fellow inventors working on the lightbulb Railroad owner James J. Hill Standard Oil owner John D. Rockefeller

  6. Philanthropy 32 Source: http://www.carnegieuktrust.org.uk/images/acbuilt.jpg Social Darwinists Source: http://www.jed.com/poorhouseboy.htm Monopolies Source http://visualhistory.freewebpages.org/Late1800s.html Robber Baron turned philanthropist Andrew Carnegie Horatio Alger Dime Novel about becoming rich Robber Baron John D. Rockefeller Astor family mansion on 5th Avenue, NY Many times big businesses ran over the rights of the small business or the workers as seen here Cartoon showing Rockefeller examining the “funny Little Government” which is powerless to stop him Many monopolies were formed either through horizontal or vertical integration of businesses. Famous cartoon showing the Senate being controlled by Trusts

  7. Exploitation of Workers 33 Source: http://www.msha.gov/CENTURY/LITTLE/Images/PIC1.gif Gompers and the AFL Source: http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/photos/assets/photos/1055.jpg Haymarket Square Riot Source: http://www.picturehistory.com/images/products/thumbnails/0/1/1/prod_1127_s.jpg Samuel Gompers leads the AFL, a union for skilled workers The Greed of many employers put children to work for very little pay Young and work-abused coal miner Young boy working in a mill Labor leader Eugene V. Debs begins the Industrial Union movement and later turns to Socialism Many workers began to support alternative economic systems The Riot at Haymarket Square in Chicago left a harsh feeling toward many unions and their leaders across the nation

  8. Old and New Immigration 34 Source http://visualhistory.freewebpages.org/Late1800s.html Tenement Life Source: http://www.lenbernstein.com/Pages/FiveCents350.jpg Reformers---Riis and Adams Source:http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/wilson/images/sfeature/jacobriis.jpg : http://www.soc.iastate.edu/soc505b/Images/Jane%20Addams.jpg Children play in the street near a dead horse illustrating sanitation problems Inside of a tenement room inhabited by the urban poor Reformer Jacob Riis called our attention to the poor Social activist Jane Addams Immigrants wait in lines to be processed Immigrants are put through a medical exam Many immigrants faced immediate forms of discrimination after arriving in America

  9. Political Machines 35 Source: http://www.authentichistory.com/images/postcivilwar/cartoons/1871_boss_tweed.jpg Tweed Ring Source: http://www1.ttcn.ne.jp/~fujiyan/manhattan/soho/whostoles.jpg Political Reform Source: http://www.healthmedialab.com/presmed/garf1.jpg The assassination of James Garfield by a snubbed official Grover Cleveland tried unsuccessfully to reform the tariff in two terms Corrupt officials often practiced election fraud to stay in office Money is what this man has in his mind. “Who stole the People’s Money?” is the question being asked of these men. Corrupt politicians act as vultures waiting for their meal. Nast cartoon showing the “wholesale” robbing of the public treasury. The Grant Administration was filled with corrupt officials

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