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Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Intro to Anatomy and Physiology. Chapter 1. Hierarchical organization. From the basic building blocks in the smallest level to the most complex in the highest level Each influences the next level. Structure and Function.

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Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Intro to Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1

  2. Hierarchical organization From the basic building blocks in the smallest level to the most complex in the highest level Each influences the next level

  3. Structure and Function Most importantly, structure and function will come into play multiple times throughout the whole year Neither can be completely understood without the influences of the other

  4. Homeostasis Homeostasis (from Greek: hómoios, "similar", stásis, "standing still”) the property of a system, regulates its internal environment, tends to maintain a stable, constant condition (such as temperature or pH) Response to environment and changes; essential for survival

  5. Partner Discussion • How do you go about determining something is alive? • Why is something not alive?

  6. Intro – Living System • Responsiveness • Growth • Reproduction • Movement • Metabolism

  7. Science of Anatomy Physiology FUNCTION What will affect an organism to change its function? • STRUCTURE • What happens if a structure changes its shape? The relationship will be important to predicting either structure or function.

  8. Levels of Organization • Chemical • Cellular • Tissue • Organ • Organ System • Organism

  9. Systems (11) • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Nervous • Endocrine • Cardiovascular • Lymphatic • Respiratory • Digestive • Urinary • Reproductive

  10. WATCH VIDEO Living Systems

  11. Body Systems- from the Outside In Integumentary System: THE SKIN --Structure: layers of tissue with hair, pores, nerve cells --Function: protection, information gathering Components: epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails, sensory receptors, subcutaneous layer

  12. Body Systems- from the Outside In Muscular System: MUSCLES --Structure: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle --Function: movement, aids support and bracing

  13. Body Systems- from the Outside In Skeletal System: BONES --Structure: bones, cartilage, joints --Function: support and protection, bone marrow=blood cell production site

  14. Body Systems- from the Outside In Nervous System: NERVES --Structure: nerves, spinal cord, brain --Function: receive information from environment for bodily reaction Components: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) [ [peri-about, around ] i.e. perimeter]]

  15. Body Systems- from the Outside In Digestive System: EATING --Structure: entrance and saliva, throat, stomach, intestines, exit --Function: get nutrients out of food for the body Components: salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine

  16. Body Systems- from the Outside In Urinary System: WASTE --Structure: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra --Function: sorting, holding, getting rid of waste

  17. Body Systems- from the Outside In Cardiovascular System: BLOOD & pumping it --Structure: heart, vessels, blood --Function: move what the body needs within it Components: veins, arteries, capillaries, blood cells [cardio- heart; vascular- of or related to vessels]

  18. Body Systems- from the Outside In Respiratory System: BREATHING --Structure: entrance, throat, lungs --Function: help with performing breathing; exchanging gasses Components: nasal, cavities, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

  19. Body Systems- from the Outside In Lymphatic System: DEFENSE --Structure: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus --Function: fights infections and diseases Components: lymphocytes ( (helper) T-cells)

  20. Body Systems- from the Outside In Endocrine System: HORMONES --Structure: glands, kidneys, pancreas, gonads --Function: controls development and long term changes

  21. Body Systems- from the Outside In Reproductive System: OFFSPRING --Structure: production site, travel/movement area, exit --Function: create gametes, or bundles of partial characteristics to pass on to offspring Components: Male (internal): testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra Female: ovaries, fallopian/ uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

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