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Solubility vs. Temperature

200. 180. 160. 140. 120. 100. 80. 60. 40. 20. 0. Solubility vs. Temperature. KI. KNO 3. Solubility (g solute / 100 g H 2 O). NaNO 3. Na 3 PO 4. NaCl. 20. 40. 60. 80. 100. Temperature ( o C). Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 297. Gas Solubility. CH 4. 2.0.

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Solubility vs. Temperature

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  1. 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Solubility vs. Temperature KI KNO3 Solubility (g solute / 100 g H2O) NaNO3 Na3PO4 NaCl 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature (oC) Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 297

  2. Gas Solubility CH4 2.0 O2 Higher Temperature …Gas is LESS Soluble CO Solubility (mM) 1.0 He 0 10 20 30 40 50 Temperature (oC)

  3. Solubility Rules General Rules for Solubility of Ionic Compounds (Salts) in Water at 25 oC • Most nitrate (NO31-) salts are soluble. • Most salts of Na+, K+, and NH4+ are soluble. • Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable exceptions • are AgCl, PbCl2, and Hg2Cl2. • Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions • are BaSO4, PbSO4, and CaSO4. • Most hydroxide compounds are only slightly • soluble.* The important exceptions are NaOH and • KOH, Ba(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 are only moderately • soluble. • Most sulfide (S2-), carbonate (CO32-), and phos- • phate (PO43-) salts are only slightly soluble. • *The terms insoluble and slightly soluble really mean the same • thing. Such a tiny amount dissolves that it is not possible to • detect it with the naked eye. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 218

  4. Solubility of Common Compounds Soluble compounds NO3- salts Na+, K+, NH4+ salts Except for those containing Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+ Cl-, Br-, I- salts Except for those containing SO42- salts Ba2+, Pb2+, Ca2+ Insoluble compounds S2-, CO32-, PO43- salts Except for those containing OH1- salts Na+, K+, Ca2+ Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 218

  5. Temperature-Solubility Relationships* 190 CsCl 180 NaNO3 170 160 NaC2H3O2 150 140 130 RbCl 120 LiCl 110 Solubility in grams per 100 g of water 100 90 80 NH4Cl 70 60 KCl 50 NaCl 40 30 Li2SO4 20 10 SO2 0 90 80 100 10 60 70 30 40 50 20 0 Temperature (oC) *Values on this graph are valid only when some undissolved solid is in contact with the solution. For SO2 values are valid when pressure due to SO2 and water vapor is 101.325 kPa.

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