16 Century Medicine

1. 16 Century Medicine “A plague o’ both your houses,”(Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet) Alyssa and Kayla

2. Plague • People were told to stay inside • no cure people would die • spread easily

3. Bubonic Plague (Black death) Symptoms of bubonic plague: • Chills • Fever • Muscle pain • Headache • Seizures Treatment for bubonic plague: • Need immediate treatment, if not treated within 24 hours, death may occur • Antibiotics

4. Measles and Melancholy Symptoms of measles: • People mistake it for smallpox • Bloodshot eyes • Rash • Sore throat • White spots inside the mouth Treatment for Measles: • No specific treatment • Bed rest • Tylenol Melancholy • thought to have been caused by black bile or a bad conscience • for black bile people would blood let, purge, and stay in pleasant surroundings • for a bad conscious faith in god was recommended • writer thought that it was caused by • excessive passion • love sickness • other mental disturbances

5. Syphilis Symptoms of syphilis: • Fever • Sore throat • Vague feeling of weakness • Weightloss • Patchy hair loss Treatment for syphilis: • there is no home treatment • need prescribed medicine from doctor • antibiotics • blood tests are required

6. Influenza Symptoms of influenza: • Infection through nose, throat and lungs • Flu like symptoms • Headache • Bodychills • Sore throat/ dry cough Treatment for influenza: • Tylenol • Advil • Lots of rest • Drink a lot of liquids • Don’t drink/ smoke

7. Scarlet fever Symptoms of scarlet fever: • Rash (spreads all over body within two days) • high fever • caused by bacteria in strep throat • most often occurs between ages 2-10 Treatment for Scarlet fever: • antibiotics Treatment can include: • ear infections • kidney damage • liver damage

8. Smallpox and Malaria Symptoms of smallpox: • Backache • Highly infections • Burning fever followed by an eruption of multiple pustules • Vomiting • 30% of the time death occurs Treatment of smallpox: • If smallpox vaccine is given within 1-4 days it could be stopped or make it less severe • There is no specific drug to treat it • Antibiotics may shorten duration of the disease Symptoms of malaria: • High fevers • Shaking chill • Nausea • Sweating/ Vomiting • Flu like symptoms Treatment of malaria: • Different drugs for each stage of the malaria • Primaquine • Chloroquine • Mefloquine

9. Midwifery • women that helped during childbirth • higher class with husband in high power • respectable women in the community • when they arrived the father would have to leave the room • Would bring the child to the priest

10. Ill Children • mortality rate was 140 out of 1000 live births • Average mother had 7-8 children within five years • dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, influenza, smallpox, and pneumonia killed 30% of kids before age 15 • would often be treated by mothers, sisters, and wives • laxatives, bloodletting (cutting a vein open with a lancet) and forced vomiting (emetics) were the common treatments for illness

11. Herbal Remedies • Therapeutic way for physicians, midwives, and women at home to treat families and friends • remedies that were made of herbs, plants and flowers

12. Astrological Medicine • believed that a person's zodiac sign inclined a person to incline different illnesses and diseases • they also thought it had something to do with the four temperaments • choleric(bad tempered; irritable) • melancholy(gloomy state of mind;depressed) • sanguine(optimistic or positive) • Phlegmatic(calm, cool, and composed)

14. Surgery • Use knives for blood letting • when muskets were made this brought up a new problem since they now had holes instead of slashes • Amputation was a major surgery back then • other procedures were too dangerous to perform due to the fact that there was no anesthetics

15. First of Blood Transfusion • First done with 2 dogs • quill was inserted into mastiff that was then attached to a spaniel who was cut letting out blood. • The mastiff bleed to death but the spaniel was seen weeks later doing well. • A Bolder attempt was later done on a 15 year old boy who had lost a lot of blood due to blood letting • through a quill he was given a pint of lambs blood • seen weeks later greatly improved

16. Bloodletting • believed that blood was made of four different humors or substances • yellow bile also known • mucus • blake bile • blood • each had said properties of hot/cold and dry/wet • Localized bloodletting • scraped skin • placed heated cup to extract the air • Leeches • sucked the blood out of an inflamed organ

17. Works Cited Gascoigne, Bamber. "HISTORY OF MEDICINE." HISTORY OF MEDICINE. N.p., 2001. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Gershman, Charles. "Medicine in the Time of Shakespeare." Capsule Autumn 2012. Yale, n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. Greenstone, Gerry, MD. "The History of Bloodletting." Home Page. BCMJ, Feb. 2013. Web. 21 Mar. 2014. Kontoyannis, Maria, and Christos Katsetos. "Midwives in Early Modern Europe (1400-1800)." HEALTH SCIENCE JOURNAL. Health Science Journal, 2011. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. Lynda Payne, "Health in England (16th–18th c.)," in Children and Youth in History, Item #166, https://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/teaching-modules/166 (accessed March 21, 2014). "Medicine in Shakespeare’s London." Shakespeare at Yale RSS. Yale University, 2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.

18. Works Cited "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 Mar. 2014. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/flu/>. "Children and Youth in History." Omeka RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <https://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/teaching-modules/166>. "Plague." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://www.who.int/topics/plague/en/>. "Bubonic Plague& The Black Death." Bubonic Plague and the Black Death. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. <http://www.william-shakespeare.info/william-shakespeare-bubonic-plague-black-death.htm>. "Smallpox: The Threat." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 30 July 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. <https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/smallpox Board, A.D.A.M. Editorial. "Measles." Measles. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 08 Jan. 2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.