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16 th Century North (Renaissance). Historical Background. 1517: Reformation 1534: Henry VIII and Act of Supremacy 1536: Calvin 1 545-1565: Council of Trent 1555: Peace of Augsburg and challenge to authority of HRE 1560-1589: French religious wars. HRE.
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Historical Background 1517: Reformation 1534: Henry VIII and Act of Supremacy 1536: Calvin 1545-1565: Council of Trent 1555: Peace of Augsburg and challenge to authority of HRE 1560-1589: French religious wars
HRE • Grunewald: Isenheim Altarpiece • Grien: Witches’ Sabbath • Durer: Fall of Man; Night, Death and the Devil; Four Apostles; self portrait; Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse • Altdorfer: Battle of Issus • Hans Holbein: Henry VIII; The French Ambassadors
Choleric cat(bile) Melancholic elk(black bile) Sanguine rabbit (blood) Phlegmatic ox (phlegm) Four humors
Q-cardLucas Cranach the Elder, Nymph of the Spring, 1537, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
Another important northern Renaissance artist was Hans Holbein, who, like Durer, did a considerable amount of traveling throughout Europe. He is known primarily as a court painter, for he was at one point employed by the English King, Henry VIII. This is one of two paintings he did of the king (the other is more famous), but he also portrayed some of his
Hans Holbein the Younger, Henry VIII 1540 1536
France • Clouet: Francis I • Chateau/Chateaux • Chennoceaux • Chambord
Netherlands • Bosch: The Garden of Earthly Delights • Gossaert: Neptune and Amphitrite • Massys: Moneychanger and his Wife • Aertsen: Butcher’s Stall • Caterina van Hemessen: Self-Portrait • Patinir: Landscape with St Jerome • Brueghel the Elder: Hunters in the Snow
Levina Teerlinc, Elizabeth I as a Princess, 1559, oil on wood, 3’ x 2’
Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, 1505-15 Bruegel, Carrying of the Cross, 1564
Spain • Herrera and Bautista de Toledo: El Escorial • El Greco: Burial of Count Orgaz; Toledo