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160,000 Years

160,000 Years. 18,000 years. 1000 years. Climate of the last 1000 yr. Last 140 years. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/0313irradiance.html. Greenhouse Gases. Volcanoes. Volcanic aerosol loading. Aerosol lifetime.

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160,000 Years

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  1. 160,000 Years

  2. 18,000 years

  3. 1000 years

  4. Climate of the last 1000 yr

  5. Last 140 years

  6. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/

  7. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/0313irradiance.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/0313irradiance.html

  8. Greenhouse Gases

  9. Volcanoes

  10. Volcanic aerosol loading

  11. Aerosol lifetime

  12. Last 50 years

  13. Pinatubo

  14. Troposphere and Stratospheric Response

  15. Tropospheric Sulfate Aerosols

  16. Cooling to offset warming

  17. Estimated Sulfur Emissions

  18. Climate Models

  19. 1-D Radiative convective models

  20. 2-D Models

  21. 3-D Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model

  22. Radiative Forcing 1-D Model

  23. Observations

  24. Natural

  25. Anthropogenic

  26. Natural & Anthropogenic

  27. 19,20,21 century Temp

  28. 21 century temps

  29. 2071-2100 mean – 1961-1990 mean A2

  30. 2071-2100 mean – 1961-1990 mean B2

  31. Surface warming Stratospheric cooling

  32. Surface warming Stratospheric cooling

  33. Ozone loss cools stratosphere increases PSCs and enhances Ozone loss Stratospheric Ozone Stratospheric Temps Polar Stratospheric Clouds & CFCs CO2 increases cools stratosphere increases PSCs and enhances Ozone loss Atmospheric CO2 So even as CFCs drop PSCs may increase and delay ozone hole recovery

  34. Sea Level

  35. Sea Level Changes

  36. Future Sea Level Rises

  37. Climate Change

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