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Signal Pathways in Eukaryotic Cells

Discover the mechanism of signal transduction in eukaryotic cells through lipid-soluble and water-soluble hormone receptors, nuclear receptors, G-proteins, effector proteins, and more. Explore the activation and inactivation processes involved in gene regulation.

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Signal Pathways in Eukaryotic Cells

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  1. Signal Pathways in Eukaryotic Cells Overview

  2. Lipid Soluble Hormones

  3. Nuclear Receptors For Lipid Soluble Hormones Hsp90 Nuclear Receptors

  4. Receptors for Extra Cellular Signaling Molecules (Water Soluble or Peptide)

  5. More Trans-Membrane Receptors

  6. Signal Transduction Systems

  7. A Seven-Spanning G-Protein Linked Receptor

  8. Activation of a heterotrimeric G-protein Liganded receptor promotes exchange of GDP for GTP in G alpha G alpha dissociates from G beta gamma (both are activated)

  9. Activation of Effector Protein(s)

  10. Inactivation of G-Protein

  11. G-Proteins Can Activate Genes

  12. Gs Alpha Activates Adenyl Cyclase

  13. Protein Kinase A Phosphorylates CREB

  14. Enzyme Linked Receptors:Tyrosine Kinases * * * * * *

  15. Liganded Tyrosine Kinase Receptors Dimerize and Auto- Phosphorylate

  16. Activated TK Receptors Bind Adapter Proteins Which Regulate GTP Binding Proteins

  17. Kinase Cascades Activate Genes & Regulate Proteins

  18. The Protein Kinases are Evolutionarily Conserved

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