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Verb Forms

Verb Forms. Verb Forms. All verbs (except be ) have 5 forms. Verb Forms. The -ing form and the past participle form need an auxiliary verb to function as a complete verb. The -s form and the past tense form can function as complete main verbs of a clause.

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Verb Forms

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  1. Verb Forms

  2. Verb Forms • All verbs (except be) have 5 forms.

  3. Verb Forms • The -ing form and the past participle form need an auxiliary verb to function as a complete verb. • The -s form and the past tense form can function as complete main verbs of a clause. Many have given this product a try. Many gave this product a try. She lives in Clementi.

  4. Regular and Irregular Verbs • The past tense and past participle of regular verbs end in –(e)d. Base formPast tensePast Participle live lived lived walk walked walked

  5. Irregular Verbs • The past tense and past participles of irregular verbs do not end in –(e)d. • Some irregular verbs are the same in both forms. Base formPast tensePast Participle take took taken Base formPast tensePast Participle cut cut cut

  6. Irregular Verbs • The following have an irregular -s form: Base formThird Person do does go goes have has

  7. Auxiliary Verb Do • Do, does, did are followed by the base form of the verb. • In questions for statements with no auxiliary verb, do is placed before the subject. Statement: The programme works well. Question: Does the programme work well?

  8. Auxiliary Verb Do • In negations when no other auxiliary verb is present, do is followed by a verb’s base form. • Do is also used for emphasis. Statement: The programme works well. Negation: The programme does notwork well. The employees did/dotry their best to meet their monthly target.

  9. Auxiliary Verb Have • In the present and past perfect tenses, have is followed by a past participle. Present Perfect Simple The team hasworked very hard. (regular verb) The team hasdone well. (irregular verb) Past Perfect Simple By the time the team arrived at the conference room, the meeting hadcommenced. (regular verb)

  10. Auxiliary Verb Be

  11. Verb Patterns • A verb can be followed by: an infinitive (to + verb) a gerund (verb + -ing) a base form (infinitive without to)

  12. Verbs Followed by a Gerund postpone resume consider complete risk recommend suggest discuss regret Examples: The managers have consideredgetting everyone involved in the meeting. The trainers suggesttrying another method to overcome the obstacles.

  13. Verbs Followed by an Infinitive Examples: See Lane and Lange (1999), p. 39 for more details.

  14. Verbs Followed by a Gerund or an Infinitive begin stop continue start try prefer love Examples: I’ve started revising for the test. I’ve started to revise for the test. (Same meaning) I love eating Vietnamese cuisine. I love to eat at 7pm. (Similar meaning: general v specific) I’ve stopped smoking. I’ve stopped to smoke. (Different meaning)

  15. Verbs Followed by a Base Form make have let help (this verb can also be followed by an infinitive) Examples: The authorities will let the people know the outcome. By making the policies known, the government will help keep / help to keep their citizens informed.

  16. Infinitives Followed by Adjectives • Use an infinitive after these adjectives eager amazed anxious careful content determined hesitant pleased proud reluctant ready surprised Examples: The minister is anxiousto please the people. The parents were amazedto discover the truth.

  17. Common Verb Form Errors • Incorrect past participle form. *They knew they had not make time to discuss it. They knew they had not made time to discuss it. • Incorrect use of the infinitive. *Everyone should be concern about the environment. Everyone should be concerned about the environment.

  18. Common Verb Form Errors • Not using the infinitive or gerund as a subject. * Check the processes helps to make sure everything is in order. Checking the processes helps to make sure everything is in order.

  19. Common Verb Form Errors • Not using a gerund as an object of a preposition. *The lecturer talked everyone into do extra work. The lecturer talked everyone into doing extra work.

  20. Common Verb Form Errors • Using a perfective infinitive (to+ have+ past participle) where events or conditions expressed by the infinitive are in the past. *To produce a higher crop yield was an impossibility given the weather. Producing a higher crop yield was an impossibility given the weather.

  21. References Lane, A. and Lange, E. (1999). Writing Clearly: An Editing Guide (2nd ed.). USA: Heinle and Heinle Publishers. Oshima, A. and Hogue, A. (2006). Writing Academic English (4th ed.). New York: Pearson Education, 28-45. Raimes, A. (2006). Grammar Troublespots: A Guide for Student Writers (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 32-40.

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