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Verb Forms

Learn the basic structure of main clauses in English sentences with examples of subject-verb-object, subject-verb-complement, and variations. Explore verb forms like present tense, present progressive, past tense, and past participles for clear communication. Understand how to use different tenses in sentences with time markers. Enhance your English language skills with this comprehensive guide.

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Verb Forms

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  1. Verb Forms

  2. Basic Structure of the Main Clause Subject/ Verb • Maria sang. • Subject / Verb/ Object • She sang a song. • Subject/ Verb/ Complement • Her voice was lovely. • Her voice = a lovely thing.

  3. Variations • Dummy subject/linking verb/real subject. • There was a pretty bird sitting in the tree. • There were pretty birds sitting in the tree. • There was a flock of pretty birds in the tree. • It is raining. • The bird is a cardinal. It sits there every morning and sings. • This is a bird. These are trees.

  4. Part of Sentences • Nouns • Verbs • Pronouns • Adjectives • Adverbs • Prepositions • Conjunctions

  5. Verb Forms: Present Tense • Present tense—called “the plain form” or the “dictionary” form in your text • Used for present action, habitual or repeated action, a “fact”; used sometimes for dramatic effect in a story. • Maria sings in church every Sunday. • Maria’s voice is lovely. • The congregation is hushed and attentive as Maria sings.

  6. Present Tense (continued) • For third person singular and plural (he, she, it, and they), remember that OFTEN-- • if there is no “s” on the subject, there should be an “s” or “es” on the verb. • The girl sings beautifully. • The girls sing beautifully. • The gardener waters the flowers every week. • The workers water the flowers every week.

  7. Tenses: Present Progressive • Present progressive, the --ing form • Used when something is happening right now or when other events are occurring at the same time. • I am sitting at my computer right now. The sun is shining, and the sky is blue. • Maria is singing right now, and the congregation is listening intently.

  8. Past Tense • Often it has a “d” or “ed” on the end. It is also used as the past participle with helping verbs. • He watered the flowers yesterday. • They watered the flowers when he was out of town. • Maria used to sing in church every Sunday. • She was supposed to sing last Sunday, but she got sick. (N.B., “to sing” is not a verb, but a verbal, and it does not have tense.)

  9. Past Participles • Used with a helping verb to form past perfect, present perfect, and so on. • He has been watering the flowers on Sundays all summer. (Present perfect—Started in the past and is still going on) • He had been watering the flowers on Sundays for many years, but he changed the schedule last week. (Past perfect—past, finished and done)

  10. Various Tenses • Some tenses are primarily used when the sentence has a time marker or when there is a contrast with another point in time. • I was walking in my neighborhood when I saw a dog running loose. • I have been walking in this neighborhood for years, but until this morning, I had never seen a dog on the street unaccompanied by its owner. • I will be looking for that dog this afternoon.

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